V8 Flashcards

Question

likelihood (noun) = probability /ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd/ [uncountable, singular]

Answer 1

- the chance of something happening; how likely something is to happen = probability *There is very little likelihood of that happening. *In all likelihood (= very probably) the meeting will be canceled. *The likelihood is that (= it is likely that) unemployment figures will continue to fall. *This reduces the likelihood that the treatment will be successful. (احتمال,احتمال کلی، همانندی، امر محتمل) --- *What’s the likelihood of you writing poetry?

Answer 2

1- [transitive] forge something to put a lot of effort(تلاش، کوشش) into making something successful or strong so that it will last *a move to forge new links between management and workers 2- [transitive] forge something to make an illegal copy of something in order to cheat people. *to forge a passport/banknote/check. 3- [transitive] forge something (from something) to shape metal by heating it in a fire and hitting it with a hammer; to make an object in this way *swords forged from steel. 4- [intransitive] + adv./prep. (formal) to move forward in a steady but powerful way *He forged through the crowds to the front of the stage. *She forged into the lead (= in a competition, race, etc.). (جعل کردن) --- *Forging a friendship with the boss is unlikely/not likely.

Answer 3

*If only I’d listened to him, none of this would have happened. *If you got on better with him, you might have listened to his suggestions. *If my father hadn’t decided to come back to Iran, I would have become a UK citizen. *If I hadn’t studied mechanical engineering, I might not have worked that much. *If she had bought that house, she wouldn’t have the ability to purchase(خریدن) a car. *If only I knew what I know today.

Answer 4

1- [intransitive, transitive] to travel regularly by bus, train, car, etc. between your place of work and your home *commute (from A) (to B) She commutes from Palo Alto to San Francisco every day. 2- [transitive] commute something (to something) (law) to replace one punishment with another that is less severe *The death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. 3- [transitive] commute something (for/into something) (finance) to exchange one form of payment for something else (رفت و آمد روزانه و نسبتا طولانی بین خانه و محل کار)

Answer 5

-to come to a place, especially someone's house, to visit for a short time --- -come over (to…) (from…) to travel from one place to another, usually over a long distance *Why don't you come over to the U.S. this summer? --- come over (to something) to change from one side, opinion, etc. to another. --- come over somebody [no passive] to affect someone *A feeling of dizziness(سرگیجه) came over her. --- * I told my friend to come over.

Answer 6

از / آوردن به *What did you take/bring to work?

Answer 7

//right away/off// -immediately; without delay *I want it sent right away.(میخوام فورا ارسال بشه) *I told him right off what I thought of him.(من دقیقاً به او گفتم که در مورد او چه فکر می کنم)

Answer 8

to visit a person or place, usually for a short time. *I want to pay him a visit. (من می خواهم او را ملاقات کنم.) * I think I'll pay a visit to the library while I'm in town. *Last week, she quietly paid a visit to her solicitor(وکیل). *I think the police may pay him a visit later today.

Answer 9

-to make a feeling, pain, etc. disappear *They gave me some pills to take away the pain. --- 1- (of an aircraft, etc.) to leave the ground and begin to fly *The plane took off an hour late. 2- (informal) to leave a place, especially in a hurry *When he saw me coming he took off in the opposite direction. 3- (of an idea, a product, etc.) to become successful or popular very quickly or suddenly *The new magazine has really taken off. --- 1- to allow someone to stay in your home *to take in roommates 2- [often passive] to make someone believe something that is not true = deceive *She took me in completely with her story. *Take someone in as part of the family. --- -to go to a restaurant, theater, club, etc. with someone you have invited -to kill someone or destroy something *They took out two enemy bombers. *take out the trash --- -to be shocked or surprised by someone or something *She was completely taken aback by his anger. *I was taken aback by my partner’s unbelievable behavior. (غافلگیر شده) --- *I want to be taken back to the good old days of childhood.

Answer 10

*family comes first. Family is priority.

Answer 11

You’re like a dream come true.

Answer 12

*would you mind helping me with English?

Answer 13

- very depressed phrase [verb-link PHRASE] If you are down in the dumps, you are feeling very depressed and miserable. *[informal] She's feeling a bit down in the dumps and needs cheering up. Synonyms: down, low, blue, sad More Synonyms of down in the dumps.

Answer 14

1- to no longer take part in or be part of something *He has dropped out of active politics. 2- to leave school, college, etc. without finishing your studies *She dropped out after only a year of college. 3- to reject the ideas and ways of behaving that are accepted by the rest of society --- *Drop out of university (ترک تحصیل کردن، حذف تصادفی، افت)

Answer 15

1- fairly hard; not easy to press into a different shape *a firm bed/mattress 2- not likely to change *a firm believer in free enterprise. 3- strongly fixed in place = secure *Stand the fish tank on a firm base. 4- (of someone's voice or hand movements) strong and steady *“No,” she repeated, her voice firmer this time. 5- (of someone's behavior, position, or understanding of something) strong and in control *to exercise firm control/discipline/leadership. 6- [usually before noun] firm (against something) (of a country's money, etc.) not lower than another *The dollar remained firm against the pound, but fell against the yen. (شرکت، موسسه تجاری,بنگاه، واحد اقتصادی، تجارتخانه، کارخانه، موسسه بازرگانی، محکم، ثابت، پابرجا، راسخ، سفت کردن، استوار کردن)

Answer 16

1- [intransitive, transitive] to become healthy again; to make something healthy again *It took a long time for the wounds to heal. *heal up--The cut healed up without leaving a scar. 2- [transitive] heal somebody (of something) (old use or formal) to cure someone who is sick; to make someone feel happy again *the story of Jesus healing ten lepers(جذامی) of their disease *I felt healed by his love. 3- [transitive, intransitive] heal (something) to put an end to something or make something easier to bear; to end or become easier to bear *She was never able to heal the rift between herself and her father. (التیام دادن,شفا دادن، خوب کردن، خوب شدن)

Answer 17

1- numb something to make a part of your body unable to feel anything, for example because of cold *His fingers were numbed with the cold. 2- numb somebody to make someone unable to feel, think, or react in a normal way, for example because of an emotional shock = stun /stʌn/ (گیج کردن,سراسیمه کردن، حیرت زده کردن، گیجی) *We sat there in silence, numbed by the shock of her death. (بیحس یا کرخت کردن)

Answer 18

1- [intransitive] to lose blood, especially from a wound or an injury *My finger is bleeding. 2- [transitive] bleed somebody (in the past) to take blood from someone as a way of treating disease 3- [transitive] bleed somebody (for something) (informal) to force someone to pay a lot of money over a period of time *My ex-wife is bleeding me for every penny I have. 4- [transitive] bleed something to remove air or liquid from something so that it works correctly 5- [intransitive] bleed (into something) to spread from one area of something to another area *Keep the paint fairly dry so that the colors don't bleed into each other. (خون ریزی کردن,خون آمدن از، خون جاری شدن از، خون گرفتن از، خون ریختن، اخاذی کردن)

Answer 19

-Remove all support and assistance from, usually suddenly. * Stopping his allowance pulled the rug out from under him, forcing him to look for a job . -This metaphoric(استعاره) term alludes(اشاره کردن) to pulling on a rug a person is standing on so that he or she falls. -to suddenly take away important support from someone: *The school pulled the rug out from under the city soccer league when they asked them to pay for using their field.

Answer 20

1- to make someone unable to move by holding them firmly *Two men pinned him down until the police arrived. 2- to find someone and make them answer a question or tell you something you need to know *I need the up-to-date sales figures but I can never pin him down at the office. pin somebody---down (to something/doing something) -to make someone make a decision or say clearly what they think or what they intend to do *It's difficult to pin her down to fixing a date for a meeting. pin something---down -to explain or understand something exactly *The cause of the disease is difficult to pin down precisely.

Answer 21

-extremely silly: *He must be out of his mind to have spent that much money on an old car!

Answer 22

- a fault or weakness in someone or something *They learned to live with each other's imperfections. *The only slight imperfection in the painting is a scratch in the corner.

Answer 23

-to hit a door, etc. many times until it breaks open beat down (on somebody/something) -if the sun beats down, it shines with great heat *The sun beat down on the desert sand. beat somebody/something down (to something) -to persuade(ترغیب کردن، مجاب کردن) someone to reduce the price at which they are selling something *He wanted $8,000 for the car but I beat him down to $6,000. (پایین اوردن (بها)، خردکردن)

Answer 24

- the loss of a person's money, power, social position, etc.; the thing that causes this *The sex scandal(رسوایی) finally led to his downfall. *Greed(حرص، طمع) was her downfall. (سقوط,افت، زوال، انحطاط، ریزش، بارش)

Answer 25

1- a person or spirit that gives a writer, painter, etc. ideas and the desire to create things = inspiration (الهام,وحی، القاء، دم، شهیق) *He felt that his muse had deserted him (= that he could no longer write, paint, etc.). 2- Muse (in ancient Greek and Roman stories) one of the nine goddesses who encouraged poetry, music, and other branches of art and literature. (اندیشه کردن، تفکر کردن، در بحر فکر فرو رفتن، تعجب کردن، در شگفت ماندن، شگفت)

Answer 26

-to make something that existed in the past exist or seem to exist again *The movie recreates the glamor of 1940s Hollywood. --- 1- [uncountable] the fact of people doing things for enjoyment, when they are not working *the need to improve facilities for leisure and recreation 2- [countable] a particular activity that someone does when they are not working = hobby, pastime *His recreations include golf, football, and fishing. (باز افرینی، تفریح، سرگرمی) *The writer attempts a recreation of the sights and sounds of his childhood.

Answer 27

-an area of ground that is very wet or covered with water and in which plants, trees, etc. are growing = marsh *tropical swamps ( باطلاق، مرداب، سیاه اب، لجن زار، باتلاق) --- *swampy ground

Answer 28

1- [countable] a type of solid, liquid, or gas that has particular qualities *a chemical/radioactive, etc. substance 2-[uncountable] the quality of being based on facts or the truth *It was malicious gossip, completely without substance. 3-[uncountable] the most important or main part of something *Love and guilt form the substance of his new book. 4- [uncountable] (formal) importance = significance *matters of substance (ماده,جسم، شی، جنس، ماده اصلی، ذات، جوهر، مفاد، مفهوم)

Answer 29

1- [intransitive] (formal) to happen *When exactly did the incident occur? *Something unexpected occurred. 2- [intransitive] + adv./prep. to exist or be found somewhere *Sugar occurs naturally in fruit. (رخ دادن، واقع شدن,اتفاق افتادن، خطور کردن)

Answer 30

-extremely large = huge, immense *an enormous house/dog *an enormous amount of time *enormous interest

Answer 31

1- [countable] a sea creature with a hard shell, eight legs, and two pincers (= curved and pointed arms for catching and holding things). Crabs move sideways on land 2- [uncountable] meat from a crab, used for food *dressed crab

Answer 32

1-belonging to a period of history that is thousands of years in the past *ancient civilization *ancient Greece Opposite modern 2- very old; having existed for a very long time *an ancient oak(بلوط) tree 3- the ancients noun [plural] the people who lived in ancient times, especially the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans --- The area where the market was anciently held (= in ancient times).

Answer 33

1- connected with the ocean and the creatures and plants that live there *marine life *a marine biologist (= a scientist who studies life in the ocean ) 2- connected with ships or trade at sea

Answer 34

1- a living thing, real or imaginary, that can move around, such as an animal *respect for all living creatures. 2- (especially following an adjective) a person, considered in a particular way *You pathetic(رقت انگیز) creature!

Answer 35

1- [countable, uncountable] procedure (for something) a way of doing something, especially the usual or correct way *maintenance procedures. 2- [uncountable] the official or formal order or way of doing something, especially in business, law, or politics *court/legal/parliamentary procedure 3- [countable] (medical) a medical operation *to perform a routine surgical procedure --- *procedural rules

Answer 36

1- contaminate something (with something) to make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease = adulterate *The drinking water has become contaminated with lead. 2- contaminate something (formal) to influence people's ideas or attitudes in a bad way *They were accused of contaminating the minds of our young people. (آلوده کردن) --- *radioactive contamination

Answer 37

1- [uncountable] a hard substance that is red, pink, or white in color, and that forms on the bottom of the ocean from the bones of very small creatures. Coral is often used in jewelry *coral reefs(صخره ها)/islands 2- [countable] a creature that produces coral (مرجان)

Answer 38

- wet earth that is soft and sticky *The car got stuck in the mud. *Your boots are covered in mud. (گل و لای)

Answer 39

1- extremely *incredibly lucky/stupid/difficult/beautiful 2- in a way that is very difficult to believe *Incredibly, she had no idea what was going on.

Answer 40

قهرمان دو سرعت

Answer 41

a small soft creature with a hard round shell on its back, that moves very slowly and often eats garden plants. Some types of snails can be eaten.

Answer 42

-fighting or a fight, especially during a time of war *He was killed in combat. *armed/unarmed combat (= with/without weapons)

Answer 43

a liquid or powder that helps remove dirt, for example from clothes or dishes (مواد شوینده)

Answer 44

1- [uncountable] care that you take in order to avoid danger or mistakes; not taking any risks *extreme/great caution *Statistics should be treated with caution. 2- [uncountable, singular] (formal) a warning or a piece of advice about a possible danger or risk *a word/note of caution (احتیاط,هوشیاری,احتیاط کاری)

Answer 45

1-[not before noun] knowing or realizing something *As you're aware, this is not a new problem. 2- [not before noun] noticing that something is present, or that something is happening * She slipped away without him being aware of it 3-(used with an adverb) interested in and knowing about something, and thinking it is important *Young people are very environmentally aware.

Answer 46

1- to catch a person or an animal and keep them as a prisoner or in a place they cannot escape from * Allied troops captured over 300 enemy soldiers. 2- capture something to take control of a place, building, etc. using force *The city was captured in 1941. 3- capture something to succeed in getting control of something that other people are also trying to control *The company has captured 90% of the market. 4- capture somebody's attention/imagination/interest to make someone interested in something *They use puppets to capture the imagination of younger audiences. 5- capture something to succeed in accurately expressing a feeling, an atmosphere, etc. in a picture, piece of writing, movie, etc. = catch *The article captured the mood of the nation. 6- [often passive] capture somebody or something on film/tape/canvas, etc. to film/record/paint, etc. someone or something *The attack was captured on film by security cameras. 7- capture somebody's heart to make someone love you 8- capture something to put something into a computer in a form it can use (اسیر کردن,ربودن، ضبط کردن، کشتن، غنیمت گرفتن، گرفتار کردن، تصرف کردن، دستگیر کردن، دستگیری، تسخیر، گرفتن)

Answer 47

1- [intransitive] (of animals) to have sex and produce young *Many animals breed only at certain times of the year. 2- [transitive] breed something (for/as something) to keep animals or plants in order to produce young ones in a controlled way *The rabbits are bred for their long coats. 3- [transitive] breed something to be the cause of something *Nothing breeds success like success. 4- [transitive, usually passive] breed something into somebody to educate someone in a particular way as they are growing up *Fear of failure was bred into him at an early age. (تولید مثل کردن,پروردن، بار آوردن، زاییدن، بدنیا آوردن، تولید کردن، تربیت کردن، فرزند، اولاد، اعقاب، جنس، نوع، گونه) --- 1- the keeping of animals in order to breed from them *the breeding of horses 2- the producing of young animals, plants, etc. *the breeding season 3- the family or social background that is thought to result in good manners *a sign of good breeding

Answer 48

1- [intransitive] mate (with something) (of two animals or birds) to have sex in order to produce young *Do foxes ever mate with dogs? 2- [transitive] mate something (to/with something) to put animals or birds together so that they will have sex and produce young 3-mate somebody/something = checkmate

Answer 49

1- [intransitive] to continue to live or exist *She was the last surviving member of the family. 2- [transitive] to continue to live or exist despite a dangerous event or time * The company was able to survive the crisis. 3- [transitive] survive somebody/something to live or exist longer than someone or something = outlive *She survived her husband by ten years.

Answer 50

1- (humorous) a child of a particular person or couple *the problems parents have with their teenage offspring 2- the young of an animal or a plant *Female badgers may give birth to as many as five offspring. (فرزند,زاد و ولد، اولاد، مبدا، منشا)

Answer 51

- the state of being kept as a prisoner or in a place you cannot escape from *He was held in captivity for three years. *Wild animals do not always breed well in captivity. (اسارت، گرفتاری، گفتاری فکری)

Answer 52

- the distance between the end of one wing and the end of the other when the wings are fully stretched *a bird with a two-foot wingspan *the wingspan of a glider

Answer 53

1- to make someone fall asleep or become unconscious *The blow knocked her out. 2-(in boxing) to hit an opponent so that they cannot get up within a limited time and therefore lose the fight 3- (informal) to surprise and impress someone very much *The movie just knocked me out. 4- knock somebody/yourself out : to make someone/yourself very tired = wear yourself/somebody out 5- knock somebody out (of something): to defeat (شکست) someone so that they cannot continue competing = eliminate (از بین بردن، ریشه کن کردن) *The White Sox had been knocked out of the World Series. 6- knock something out (informal) : to produce something, especially quickly and easily *He knocks out five books a year.

Answer 54

مختصات جغرافیایی

Answer 55

1- a model of a person or an animal that can be made to move, for example by pulling strings attached to parts of its body or by putting your hand inside it. A puppet with strings is also called amarionette *a hand puppet *a puppet show 2- (usually disapproving) a person or group whose actions are controlled by another *The occupying (اشغال کردن، تصرف کردن؛ گرفتن؛) forces set up a puppet government.

Answer 56

1- [intransitive, transitive] to come near to someone or something in distance or time *We heard the sound of an approaching car/a car approaching. 2- [transitive] to speak to someone about something, especially to ask them for something or to offer to do something * We have been approached by a number of companies that are interested in our product. 3- [transitive] approach something to come close to something in amount, level, or quality *profits approaching 30 million dollars 4- [transitive] approach something to start dealing with a problem, task, etc. in a particular way *What's the best way of approaching this problem? (نزدیک شدن، نزدیک آمدن,دیدگاه، روش، رویکرد، شیوه، برداشت) --- 1- [countable] a way of dealing with someone or something; a way of doing or thinking about something such as a problem or a task *She took the wrong approach in her dealings with them. 2- [singular] movement nearer to someone or something in distance or time *She hadn't heard his approach and jumped as the door opened. 3- [countable] the act of speaking to someone about something, especially when making an offer or a request *The club has made an approach to a local company for sponsorship. 4- [countable] a path, road, etc. that leads to a place *All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 5- [countable] the part of an aircraft's flight immediately before landing *to begin the final approach to the runway 6- [singular] a thing that is like something else that is mentioned *That's the nearest approach to an apology you'll get from him.

Answer 57

1- [transitive, intransitive] to protect someone or something from attack * Troops have been sent to defend the borders. 2- [transitive] to say or write something in support of someone or something that has been criticized *How can you defend such behavior? 3- [intransitive, transitive] defend (something) (in sports) to protect your own goal to stop your opponents from scoring Opposite attack 4- [transitive] defend something to take part in a competition that you won the last time and try to win it again *He is defending champion. 5- [transitive, intransitive] defend (somebody/yourself) to act as a lawyer for someone who has been charged with a crime *He has employed one of the country's top lawyers to defend him. (دفاع کردن,حمایت کردن)

Answer 58

1- [often passive] harass somebody to annoy or worry someone by putting pressure on them or saying or doing unpleasant things to them *He has complained of being harassed by the police. 2- harass somebody/something to make repeated attacks on an enemy = harry *Our convoys are being continually harassed by enemy submarines. --- *racial/sexual harassment

Answer 59

1- [intransitive] (of birds) to move the beak forward quickly and hit or bite something *A robin was pecking at crumbs on the ground. 2- [transitive] (informal) to kiss someone lightly and quickly * He pecked her on the cheek as he went out. ( نوک زدن، بانوک سوراخ کردن، دندان زدن)

Answer 60

- a period of time working as an apprentice; a job as an apprentice *She was in the second year of her apprenticeship as a carpenter. *He had served his apprenticeship as a plumber. (کارآموزی)

Answer 61

- the land beside or near to the ocean *a town on the north coast of Nantucket *islands off the east coast of Florida *We walked along the coast for five miles. (کنار دریا)

Answer 62

1- (informal) to spend a lot of time in a place *The local kids hang out at the mall. 2- to attach things that you have washed to a piece of thin rope or wire, etc. outside so that they can dry; to attach something such as a flag outside a window or in the street *Have you hung the laundry out? ((با کسی) وقت گذراندن,محل آویختن چیزی، میعادگاه، آویختن، سماجت ورزیدن، مسکن کردن) --- *(of a jury) unable to agree about whether someone is guilty of a crime

Answer 63

1- to make someone do something by giving them good reasons for doing it *Try to persuade him to come. 2- to make someone believe that something is true synonym convince *It will be difficult to persuade them that there's no other choice.

Answer 64

1- [singular] variety (of something) several different kinds of the same thing *There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 2- [uncountable] the quality of not being the same or not doing the same thing all the time =diversity *We all need variety in our diet. 3- [countable] variety (of something) a type of a thing, for example a plant or language, that is different from the others in the same general group *Apples come in a great many varieties. 4- (also vaudeville) [uncountable] a form of theater or television entertainment that consists of a series of short performances, such as singing, dancing, and funny acts *a variety show/theater

Answer 65

(گندم) --- (سبوس، نخاله، پوست گندم)

Answer 66

1- happening at the end of a long process = final *our ultimate goal/aim/objective/target 2-most extreme; best, worst, greatest, most important, etc. *This race will be the ultimate test of your skill. 3- from which something originally comes = basic = fundamental *the ultimate truths of philosophy and science (نهایی) --- 1- in the end; finally *Ultimately, you'll have to make the decision yourself. 2- at the most basic and important level *All life depends ultimately on oxygen.

Answer 67

1- [not before noun] determined (to do something) if you are determined to do something, you have made a firm decision to do it and you will not let anyone prevent you *I'm determined to succeed. 2- showing a person's determination to do something *a determined effort to stop smoking --- (verb) 1-[transitive] to discover the facts about something; to calculate something exactly = establish *determine something An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident. 2- [transitive] determine something determine what, whether, etc… to make something happen in a particular way or be of a particular type *Age and experience will be determining factors in our choice of candidate. 3- [transitive] to officially decide and/or arrange something * A date for the meeting has yet to be determined. 4- [transitive, intransitive] determine to do something determine (that)… determine on something to decide definitely to do something *They determined to start early. (چیزی را مشخص کردن، تعیین کردن,تصمیم گرفتن، مصمم شدن، حکم دادن)

Answer 68

- in the place of someone or something *Lee was sick so I went instead. *He didn't reply. Instead, he turned on his heel and left the room.

Answer 69

1- to make someone/yourself believe that something is true * You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 2- convince somebody to do something to persuade someone to do something *I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor.

Answer 70

1- a part of an area of activity, especially of a country's economy *the manufacturing sector 2- a part of a particular area, especially an area under military control *each sector of the war zone 3- (geometry) a part of a circle lying between two straight lines drawn from the center to the edge