Flashcards in Vertebrates 1 - History Deck (15)
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SPCA
Founded in 1866, in USA
3
AWA
Animal welfare act, 1966, in USA
4
Trends in animal use
Huge increase since WWII to 1970 (increased funding), then decreased to present (ethics, accurate results?)
5
3 R’s of Humane Animal Experimentation (Russel and Birch)
Replacement (cell culture/inverts over rats); Reduction (less animals with loss of data, 1000 or 100 - save money!); Refinement (change techniques, less pain/stress)
6
Animal research in Canada
No legislation direct for animals (fed. or prov.); some committees for ethics and researchers
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Where are most animals used in Canada?
Mostly in research, very few (relatively) in testing and teaching
8
Levels of Anatomy and physiology
Molecular; organelle; cellular; tissue (most tissues are the same); organ; organ system; organism
9
Philosophers
Aristotle, Hippocrates, Plato; wrote about animals, how body works; just observed, no experiments
10
Herophilus
300BC. Father of anatomy; autopsies to compare humans and animals
11
Galen
around 1AD; Physician and philosopher, experimental physiology; live dissection
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1500-1600
Age of autopsy. Da Vinci paintings, Vesalius Textbook
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1600-1700
Descartes, Hooke; microscope, cell,
14
1700-1800
van Leeuwenhoekl, Galvani; comparative anatomy, electricity in physiology
15
1800-1900
Schwann, Schleider (cell theory); Darwin; Broca; Cajal (pathways in brains); Rontgen (Xrays)
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