VI - Hematologic System

Question 1

Vehicle that transports gases, nutrients, hormones and metabolic wastes, regulates pH and ion concentration of interstitial fluids, defense against towins and pathogens, stabilizes body temperature

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

Fluid medium of blood, non-celuular, suspends cells

Answer 2

plasma

Question 3

Plasma minus clotting factors

Answer 3

Serum

Question 4

Composition of Plasma

Answer 4

water (90%), plasma protein (8%), inorganic salts (1%), lipids (0.5%), sugar (0.1%)

Question 5

Process of forming blood cells in the bone marrow

Answer 5

Haemopoiesis

Question 6

Site of blood cell formation beginning from the 3rd week AOG

Answer 6

yolk sac / Aortic Gonad Mesonephros (AGM) Region

Question 7

Site of blood cell formation from the 3rd month AOG to birth

Answer 7

liver (with minor contributions from the spleen and LN)

Question 8

Only source of blood cells postnatally, begins at the 4th month AOG

Answer 8

bone marrow

Question 9

Hematopoiesis: all bone marrow are active

Answer 9

birth to puberty

Question 10

Hematopoiesis: only bone marrow of the vertebra, ribs, sternum, skull, pelvis, proximal epiphyseal region of humerus are active

Answer 10

20 y.o. (fatty, yellow, inactive marrow)

Question 11

Hematopoiesis: post-embryonic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a full-term infant is always

Answer 11

abnormal

Question 12

Most abundant blood cells, gives blood its characteristic functions

Answer 12

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Question 13

Transports hemoglobin (carries oxygen) from the lungs to tissues for use, transports CO2 (HCO3) from tissues to the lungs for expulsion, acts as an acid-base buffer for the blood (carbonic anhydrase)

Answer 13

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Question 14

Catalyzes the reaction between CO2 and H2O to form carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Answer 14

Carbonic Anhydrase

Question 15

Normal RBC Shape

Answer 15

biconcave disc with bag pliability

Question 16

Creates the biconcave shape of RBCs

Answer 16

spectrin

Question 17

RBCs have a _____ ration of SA to volume.

Answer 17

large SA:V

Question 18

RBCs form _____ for smoother flow.

Answer 18

stacks

Question 19

Protein inside the RBC that binds with oxygen

Answer 19

Hemoglobin

Question 20

Normal Hemoglobin Levels

Answer 20

Males: 14-18 g/dL, Females: 12-18 g/dL

Question 21

Percent of cells in whole blood

Answer 21

Hematocrit

Question 22

Normal Hematocrit Levels

Answer 22

Males: 46 (40-54), Females: 42 (37-47)

Question 23

Composed of 4 polypeptide subunits (2 alpha, 2 beta), transports 97% of oxygen

Answer 23

Hemoglobin

Question 24

2 Succinyl-CoA + 2 Glycine

Answer 24

Pyrrole

Question 25

Protoporphyrin IX + Fe2+

Answer 25

Heme

Question 26

Heme + Polypeptide

Answer 26

Hemoglobin Chain

Question 27

2 α-chains + 2 β-chains

Answer 27

Hemoglobin A

Question 28

Hemoglobin: most common form of in adults

Answer 28

Hemoglobin A (2α2β)

Question 29

Hemoglobin: has a higher affinity for O2 compared to HbA

Answer 29

Hemoglobin F (2α2γ)

Question 30

Essential metallic component of heme

Answer 30

Iron

Question 31

Total Body Iron

Answer 31

4-5 g

Question 32

RBC: last stage with a nucleus, ER reabsorbed

Answer 32

Orthochromatic Erythroblast

Question 33

RBC: no nucleus, (+) remnants of Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and other organelles, released into the blood

Answer 33

Reticulocytes

Question 34

RBC: hormone stimulating RBC production

Answer 34

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 35

RBC: main stimulus for EPO production

Answer 35

hypoxia

Question 36

RBC: main stimulus for EPO production

Answer 36

hypoxia

Question 37

RBC: effect of EPO takes

Answer 37

5 days

Question 38

RBC: last stage with a nucleus

Answer 38

Orthochromatic Erythroblast

Question 39

RBC: released into the blood

Answer 39

Reticulocytes

Question 40

RBC: time to convert reticulocytes to mature RBCs

Answer 40

1-2 days

Question 41

RBC: no nucleus, no mitochondria, no ER

Answer 41

mature RBCs

Question 42

RBC: lifespan of adult RBCs

Answer 42

120 days

Question 43

RBC: lifespan of fetal RBCs

Answer 43

90 days