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AP Civics & Government > VI - Public Opinions & Political Actions > Flashcards

VI - Public Opinions & Political Actions Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

US is a very

A

diverse nation

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2
Q

Diversity makes study of American public opinion

A

complex

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3
Q

Widely held political ideologies shape

A

policy debates & choices in American politics

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4
Q

Census

A

Allows us to understand demographic changes in America

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5
Q

1st census was conducted in

A

1790

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6
Q

Actual enumeration

A

Constitutional requirement that gov’t conduct census of the American population every 10 years

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7
Q

Why is the census important?

A

Determines distribution of federal funds

Determines number of representatives each state gets

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8
Q

US is a nation of

A

immigrants

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9
Q

Immigration creates a

A

multicultural & multilingual society

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10
Q

Different groups have ———– many basic American values.

A

assimilated

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11
Q

Melting pot

A

different cultures blend into one

Contrast “salad bowl”

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12
Q

Different phases of immigration

A

Old immigrants
New immigrants
Post 1965

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13
Q

Old immigrants

A

Northern & western Europe

England, Ireland, & Germany

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14
Q

New immigrants

A

Southern & Eastern Europe

Italy, Russia, Poland

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15
Q

Post 1965

A

Latin American & Asia

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16
Q

Historically, the largest minority group in the Us has been

A

African Americans

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17
Q

However 2000 census revealed that

A

Latino population outnumbered the African Americans

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18
Q

Minority majority

A

American will soon no longer have a white majority

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19
Q

Open immigration policy

A

Occurred until about the 1870s

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20
Q

Restrictions on immigration

A

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

National Origins Act (1924)

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21
Q

US immigration has occurred in waves with

A

peaks followed by troughs

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22
Q

Immigration & Nationality Act (1965)

A

Terminated the quotas previously set and allowing immigrants from different nations to come to America

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23
Q

Reapportionament

A

Reallocating House of Representatives seats after each census

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24
Q

Regional shift since WWII

A

Move from “rust belt” (NE) states to “sunbelt” (South & West)

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25
Which demographic is the fastest growing?
Citizens over age of 65 - Baby Boomers (born between 1945-1960s)
26
What is causing this?
Advances in medicine | Lower fertility rate
27
What is the consequence of this demographic change?
Social Security is the 2nd most costly public program
28
Political socialization
How individuals learn or develop their political beliefs
29
Process of political socialization
Family School/Peers Mass Media Social Env'ts
30
Family
Oftentimes a major influencer of political socialization
31
School/Peers
Attending schools plays a major role in political socialization
32
Mass Media
Influence of traditional media and social media on political beliefs
33
Social env't
Civic, employment, religious organizations
34
Political socialization in older generations
More involved in politics | More attached to their political beliefs they become
35
Public opinion
What people believe or think they know about politics & policy issues
36
Polls
Used to measure public opinion
37
Gallup polls
Relies on taking a sample of the population
38
Sample
Small proportion of people are chosen as representatives of the whole
39
Random sampling
Everyone should have an equal probability of being selected
40
Pros of polls
Politicians can know opinions on issues
41
Cons of polls
Politicians can become more concerned about following than leading
42
Bandwagon effect
A population may tend to vote one way or another when a tendency arises in one candidate
43
Wording of poll questions can
Influence results through wording bias
44
Exit polls
Voters are asked questions just after they have voted
45
Average American has a
Lower level of political knowledge than citizens of many other countries
46
General core values the nation should uphold
individualism free enterprise Rule of law limited gov't
47
Core values can be interpreted
differently by each demographic
48
Since the 1960's there has been a
Decline of trust in the gov't
49
Reasons for decline of trust
Vietnam War, Gulf of Tonkin, Tet Offensive, Pentagon Papers Watergate Iran Hostage Crisis
50
Political idelogy
Coherent set of values & beliefs about public policy
51
Conservatives
Tend to favor a small national gov't | Tend to support less regulation of marketplace
52
Demographics in conservatives
Older voters Wealthier voters More religious voters
53
Liberals
Tend to favor a larger national gov't to address social & economic problems Tend to support gov'tal regulation of market
54
Demographics in liberals
Under 30 years old Minorities Women
55
Libertarians
Little to no gov't regulation
56
Many voters do not vote along
ideological lines
57
Political participation
Activities citizen use to influence the selection of political leaders or policies they pursue
58
Political participation examples
``` Voting Protesting Writing letters Starting petitions Filing lawsuits Rallies ```
59
Conventional participation
Many widely accepted ways of influencing gov't such as voting, running for office, door to door campaigning, signing petitions, etc.
60
Unconventional participation
Actions such as protesting, boycotts, civil disobedience, etc.
61
Protesting seeks to achieve policy change through
dramatoc action
62
Civil disobedience
Act of deliberately breaking a law that an individual thinks is unjust
63
Letter from a Birminghamd Jail
Written by MLK during nonviolent civil disobedience and influenced by Henry David Thoreau (1840's)
64
Individuals of higher socioeconomic status tend to be more
Politically active
65
Minority groups typically are
Below average in terms of political participation
66
When minorities and white voters of equal incomes & educations are compared
people of color participate more in politics
67
Voting means politicians
Pay attention to the needs of a particular group
68
People often have
contradictory positions about role of gov't
69
There is a general belie that gov't is
too big
70
But many Americans support
increased spending on programs for education, healthcare, crime prevention, en't, and other issues
71
Americans are known as
ideological conservatives but operational liberals
72
Protest in America is typically aimed at
getting the attention of gov't not at attempting to overthrow it

AP Civics & Government (36 decks)

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