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Microbiology Exam 3 > Viruses Part 1.3 ( Viral Taxomony, RNA section ) > Flashcards

Viruses Part 1.3 ( Viral Taxomony, RNA section ) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 9 Single stranded RNA viruses?

A

Picornaviridae
Togaviridae
Coronaviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Flaviviridae
Retroviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Filoviridae

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2
Q

What is a slogan that can help me remember the 9 single stranded RNA ?

A

Pico
Took
Corona
Outside
For
Retro
Party
Rhinestone
Finals

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3
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a picornaviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)

A

Single stranded rna
Isosahedral
Naked viruses
Positive sense

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4
Q

What does pico mean in picornaviridae?

A

Very small

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5
Q

What are the viruses that fall under picornaviridae? (4)

A

Polio virus
Coxsackievirus
Enterovirus ( hepatitis A )
Rhinoviruses (common cold)

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6
Q

What is the enteroviruses in picornaviridae?

A

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

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7
Q

What does rhinoviruses mean for picornaviridae?

A

Common colds

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8
Q

What is the difference between hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus ?

A

They are different because hepatitis A is Rna and hepatitis B is DNA

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9
Q

How do you get hepatitis A ? Verse hepatitis B?

A

Fecal contamination

Hepatitis B - sex & blood

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10
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a togaviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)

A

Single stranded RNA
Isosahedral
Enveloped
Positive

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11
Q

What does toga mean in togaviridae?

A

Cloaked or enveloped

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12
Q

How is togaviridae transmitted?

A

Through mosquitoes ( athropods )

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13
Q

What are the viruses that fall under togaviridae? (2)

A

Arbovirus
Rubiviruses ( rubella )

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14
Q

What does arbovirus cause for togaviridae?

A

Encephalitis

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15
Q

What does rubiviruses causes for togaviridae ?

A

Rubella ( German measles )

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16
Q

What makes German measles so dangerous?

A

Abnormalities in a fetus, when a pregnant woman is infected

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17
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a coronaviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)

A

Single stranded rna
Isosahedral
Enveloped
Positive sense

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18
Q

What are the viruses under coronaviridae?(4)

A

Sars-cov
MERS-coV
Sars-cov2
Common cold

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19
Q

Is sars-cov more deadlier than Sars-cov2?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What is the diseases for Sars-cov2?

A

Covid 19

( the virus is SARS-cov2, while the disease is covid 19 )

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21
Q

How did Covid-19 come to be? Where did it come from and how was it transmitted?

A

Came from wuhan China
Zoonotic - bats
Transmitted through person to person & air droplets
( 6 feet distance )

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of covid?

A

Fever
Chills
Loss of taste and smell

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23
Q

What symptoms make covid 19 stand out more than influenza?

A

The fact that you can lose your taste and sense of smell

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24
Q

What was the limited experiment treatments before vaccines ? And what was the name of the oral pill?

A

Using monoclonal antibody infusion

Oral pill molnupiravir

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25
How many licensed vaccines are there for covid?
6
26
What are the 3 FDA approvals vaccines for covid & are they mRNA, describe each one?
Pfizer - mRNA Moderna - mRNA Johnson & Johnson - viral vector
27
What are the 3 types of covid vaccines?
mRNA, viral vector, killed viruses
28
What is the name of the vaccine for covid that kills the virus?
Chinese vaccines
29
What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a orthomyxoviridae? (What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)
Single stranded rna Helical Enveloped Negative sense
30
What is the virus that falls under orthomyxoviridae?
Influenza (A, B, C)
31
What is the difference between negative sense and positive sense?
Positive - mRNA immediately Negative - complemtary strand, to make mRNA
32
If we have a piece of RNA, and wanna make another piece of RNA, what is the enzyme transcribed?
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
33
Do we ever make rna from rna in cells? If not, what do we do?
Nope we never do, instead we use DNA to make RNA In cells ( called transcription)
34
How many segmented strands are in influenza virus for Orthomyxoviridae? ( and are segmented in what? )
8 helical strands segmented in capsid
35
What is the most common influenza type?
A
36
Can influenza A infect other animals, not just humans?
Yes, like horses, pigs, anything
37
What are the 2 different types of spikes ( peplomers ) in influenza for Orthomyxoviridae?
HA - hemagglutinin NA - Neuraminidase
38
Are peplomers(protein spikes) antigenic?
Yes
39
What does the Hemaggoutinin do ? ( HA spikes )? ( how many are there )
Attachment 18
40
What does the neuraminidase ( NA) spikes do ? ( how many are there )?
Release from host cell 11
41
Is H1N1 strain more deadlier than H1N1 strand from Spanish flu ( flu strand from 2018-2019?) & why?
Yes because it mutates more & makes a bad immunogenicity in vaccines samples
42
How many people die from influenza ?and who does it mainly kill? (3)
30k to 50k death Young kids, elders, immunocompromised
43
What is the name for influenza ?
A/ Philippines/ 82/ H3N3
44
Is influenza deadlier than covid?
No, covid is deadlier
45
Why do we need the flu shot every single year?
Because influenza is a virus that mutates a ton
46
What is antigenic drift?(3)
Small changes in H&N antigen Making few new amino acid differences Resulting in us having to take a new vaccine every year
47
What is antigenic shift for influenza ?(3)
Big changes in H&N antigen Creating a new strain Resulting pandemic
48
What animal is the most common mixing vessel of influenza viruses ?
Pigs
49
Which one causes epidemics? Antigenic shift or antigenic drift?
Antigenic drift
50
Which one causes pandemics? Antigenic drift or antigenic shift?
Antigenic shift
51
H1N1 goes into H3N2 ? What happened?
An antigenic shift, a massive change in the antigens of H and N
52
What was the most severe and famous pandemic of the influenza ? And how many did it kill ?
Spanish flu of 1918 50 million people
53
Antigenic shift, pig strain goes into bird strain, is that a shift?
Yes because it’s 2 types is strain that make a massive change
54
Why will flu always be around?
Because it’s always changing and in animals too
55
Was the Spanish flu a swine of h1n1?
Yes
56
Where did the Spanish flu originated?
United States, Kansas
57
What was the percentage of people who died to the Spanish flu?
5%
58
Who was dying to the Spanish flu?
Young 15-45 year olds
59
Why was it the young who kept dying to the Spanish flu?
Because of the cytoskine storm
60
What is a cytokine storm?
Higher than normal activation of genes with T cells, macrophages & tissues injury and oxidative damage ( over activates the inflammatory response )
61
Who helped us understand the 1918 Spanish flu? Scientist who graduted from mason?
Jeffery turburger
62
What is the mode of transmission for flu?
Contaminated surfaces Air droplets Contact
63
is there a vaccine for the flu?
Yea!!
64
What are the 2 vaccination for flu ? (Examples)
Killed whole virus Live viruses ( flu mist, for kids typically )
65
What is the most famous treatment for flu?
Tamiflu ( neuraminidase inhibitors )
66
What’s another treatment for the flu, other than tamiflu?
Xofluza( oral medicine )
67
What is the best prevention of the flu?
Vaccination
68
Are there other measures to prevent from getting the flu?
Hand washing Wearing masks Social distancing
69
What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s flaviviridae? (What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)
Single stranded RNA Polyhedral Enveloped Positive
70
What are the viruses that fall under flaviviridae?(2)
Hepatitis C and yellow fever
71
What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a retroviridae? (What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)
Single stranded rna Isosahedral Enveloped Positive
72
What makes retroviridae speical?
It has 2 identical copies of ssRNA
73
What are the viruses that fall under retroviridae?
HIV ( immunodeficiency viruses ) Leukemia viruses Rna tumor viruses
74
What is happening in the 2 identical copies of SSRNA for retroviridae?
Reverse transcriptase
75
What is reverse transcriptase?
SsRNA -> DS DNA -> host chromosome
76
What makes reterovirudae so important? ( lntegration?)
Lysogenic ( integetragtion )
77
Why do we call them retro viruses?
Because they reverse the flow of genetic information
78
What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s paranyxoviridae? (What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)
Single stranded rna Helical Envelope Negative
79
What are the viruses for paramyxoviridae?
Measles ( paramyxoviridae viruses )
80
What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s rhabdoviridae? (What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)
Single stranded rna Helical Enveloped Negative
81
How is the rhabdoviridae shaped?
Shaped like a bullet with spikes on enveloped
82
What viruses fall under rhabdoviridae?
Rabies virus
83
Is the rabies viruses zoonotic?
Yes, comes from animals
84
What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a filoviridae? (What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)
Single stranded rna Helical Envelope Negative
85
What are the viruses that fall under filoviridae?
Ebola virus Hemorrhagic fever
86
What is the 1 family that falls under the double stranded RNA virus?
Reoviridae
87
What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a reoviridae? (What is it, shape, naked or envelope,segmented or not ?)
Double stranded RNA Isosahderal Naked Segmented
88
What viruses fall under reoviridae?and causes
Rota Diaherra in young kids ( another is Colorado tick disease )
89
What does the R E O stand for in reoviridae?
Respiratory disease Enteric disease Orphan

Microbiology Exam 3 (12 decks)

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