Viticulture Flashcards
(36 cards)
Name 3 method to combat frost.
- Placing oil stove/smudge pots in between vines to heat up the air.
- Aspersion system: spraying water to form coating ice on the vines to protect the vines.
- Placing large propellers or turbines to mix in warm air in the vineyards.
What is veraison?
When black grapes turn from green to black. Usually in July.
What is floraison?
Flowering
What is noble rot called in Germany, France, Italy and Hungary?
- German: Edëlfaule
- French: Pourriture noble
- Italian: Muffa nobile
- Hungarian: Azsúsodás
Name the Fungal Diseases
Powdery Mildew (Oidium)
Downy Mildew (Peronospora)
Eutypa Dieback (Dead Arm)
Esca (Black Measles)
Black Rot
Bunch Rot
Describe the effect of Powdery Mildew (Oidium)
Attack green parts of vines and develop white spores. Causing grapes to split open and fall off.
Name the cure of Powdery Mildew
Application of Sulfur
Describe the effect of Downy Mildew (Peronospora)
Attacks the leaves, causes them to fall off. Thus, reduces photosynthesis causing late ripening.
Name the cure for Downy Mildew
Bordeaux Mixture: spray of copper sulfate, water and lime
Describe the effect of Eutypa Dieback (Dead Arm)
Attacks the wood and cause one side of the vine to fall off.
Name the famous producer and wine of Eutypa Dieback
D’Arenberg - Dead Arm Shiraz
Describe the effect of Esca (Black Measles)
Weaken growth, affect berry development and discolor leaves. Attack and soften the interior of trunk and arms, causing rot from inside.
Name the Bacterial Diseases
Pierce’s Disease
Crown Gall (Black Knot)
Bacterial Blight
Name the diseases caused by leafhoppers.
- Flavescence dorée: delay budbreak and slow shoot growth. Eventually causing bunch to fall off and berries to shrivel. Also discolor leaves.
- Pierce’s disease: stop vines from producing chlorophyll
Name 2 diseases caused by cold, wet weather at flowering stage.
- Coulure: Also known as “Shatter” causing flowers to fall and no grape to form.
- Millerandage: causing uneven grape size. Resulting uneven ripeness of grapes in a bunch.
What are the rootstock used for grafting to combat Phylloxera?
- Vitis Aestivalis
- Vitis Ruparia
- Vitis Rupestris
- Vitis Berlandieri
Which regions in the world are phylloxera free?
Australia, *other than Yarra Yalley, and Chile.
What is the yeast commonly used in winemaking?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Why would a wine maker choose to use cultured yeasts instead of indigenous yeasts for fermentation?
- To kill unwanted yeasts and acetobacter.
- To make stable quality of wines in every vintage.
- Cultured yeasts can tolerate higher level of alcohol during fermentation.
In which year Biodynamics is introduced, and by who?
In 1924 by Rudolf Steiner (Austrian)
What is the main ingredient of the Biodynamics preparation?
- 500: Manure
- 501: Silica
- 508: Horsetail plants
- 502: Yarrow flowers
- 503: Chamomile flowers
- 504: Stinging nettles
- 505: Oak bark
- 506: Dandelion flowers
- 507: Valerian flowers
Pros and cons of hand picking.
- Pros: picking the best quality grapes, reducing bruise on grape
- Cons: high labour cost, taking longer time
Pros and cons of machine harvest.
- Pros: spending less time, low labour cost
- Cons: causing bruises on grapes, risk of harvesting unwanted stuffs.
Why does harvesting usually occur early in the morning?
Lower temperature, prevent fermentation and slow down oxidation.
