Vocabulary Flashcard Set #1
(16 cards)
Behaviorism
an approach to psychology, formulated in 1913 by John B. Watson, based on the study of objective, observable facts rather than subjective, qualitative processes, such as feelings, motives, and consciousness
Functionalism
a general psychological approach that views mental life and behavior in terms of active adaptation to environmental challenges and opportunities.
Introspection
the process of attempting to directly access one’s own internal psychological processes, judgments, perceptions, or states.
Structuralism
a movement in various disciplines that study human behavior and culture
Gestalt Psychology
a psychological approach that focuses on the dynamic organization of experience into patterns or configurations
Eclectic Perspective
one that combines aspects of two or more different approaches to meet the needs of a client.
Psychoanalysis
an approach to the mind, personality, psychological disorders, and psychological treatment
Sigmund Freud
is most known as the founder of psychoanalysis. Freud developed a set of therapeutic techniques centered on talk therapy that involved the use of strategies such as transference, free association, and dream interpretation.
B.F. Skinner
was one of the most influential of American psychologists. A behaviorist, he developed the theory of operant conditioning; the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or less likely that the behavior will occur again.
Max Wertheimer
was one of the founding figures of the school of thought known as Gestalt psychology.
John Watson
was an American psychologist who popularized the scientific theory of behaviorism, establishing it as a psychological school.
Margaret Floy Washburn
was a leading American psychologist in the early 20th century. She was best known for her experimental work in animal behavior and motor theory development.
Mary Whiton Calkins
was an American philosopher and psychologist, whose work informed theory and research of memory, dreams and the self.
Edward Bradford Titchener
was an English psychologist who studied under Wilhelm Wundt for several years. Titchener is best known for creating his version of psychology that described the structure of the mind, which is known as structuralism
William James
found psychology as a formal discipline, established the school of functionalism in psychology, and helped advance the movement of pragmatism in philosophy.
Wilhelm Wundt
was a 19th century psychologist who established the discipline of experimental psychology and is considered to be one of the fathers of psychology.
