Vocabulary Flashcard Set #6

Question 1

Inferential Statistics

Answer 1

a broad class of statistical techniques that allow inferences about characteristics of a population to be drawn from a sample of data from that population while controlling the extent to which errors of inference may be made

Question 2

Sampling Error

Answer 2

the predictable margin of error that occurs in studies of samples of cases or observations from a larger population; it indicates the possible variance between the true value of a parameter in the population and the estimate of that value made from the sample data

Question 3

P Value

Answer 3

in statistical significance testing, the likelihood that the observed result would have been obtained if the null hypothesis of no real effect were true

Question 4

Statistically Significant

Answer 4

refers to the claim that a result from data generated by testing or experimentation is likely to be attributable to a specific cause

Question 5

Institutional Review Board

Answer 5

a committee named by an agency or institution to review research proposals originating within that agency for ethical acceptability and compliance with the organization’s codes of conduct

Question 6

Informed Consent

Answer 6

a person’s voluntary agreement to participate in a procedure on the basis of his or her understanding of its nature, its potential benefits and possible risks, and available alternatives