Vocabulary Flashcard Unit 2 Set #1

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

the basic cellular unit of the nervous system. Each neuron is composed of a cell body; fine, branching extensions (dendrites) that receive incoming nerve signals; and a single, long extension (axon) that conducts nerve impulses to its branching terminal.

Question 2

Cell Body

Answer 2

the part of a neuron (nerve cell) that contains the nucleus and most organelles.

Question 3

Dendrites

Answer 3

appendages that are designed to receive communications from other cells. They resemble a tree-like structure, forming projections that become stimulated by other neurons and conduct the electrochemical charge to the cell body

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

An axon often branches extensively and may be surrounded by a protective myelin sheath. It’s the long, thin, hollow, cylindrical extension of a neuron that normally carries a nerve impulse away from the cell body.

Question 5

Myelin Sheath

Answer 5

the insulating layer around many axons that increases the speed of conduction of nerve impulses.

Question 6

Glial Cells (glia)

Answer 6

a nonneuronal tissue in the nervous system that provides structural, nutritional, and other kinds of support to neurons.