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NUTRITION - BIOCHEM > Water and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Water and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

what is waters job/purpose?

A
  • Solvent
  • Transportation
  • Lubrication
  • Protection
  • Regulation of body temp
  • Involved in chemical reactions such as hydrolysis and condensation
  • Maintenance of acid base balance
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2
Q

where is the water in the body?

A

Blood is about 90%
Muscle is 75%
Bone is 25%
Adipocytes contain only 10% water

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3
Q

2/3 of body water is contained where?

A

in the cells

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4
Q

1/3 of the body water makes up what fluid?

A

extracellular fluid, this includes water in blood and lymph as well as between cells (interstitial fluid)

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5
Q

during osmosis, will water move in a high or low concentration of solutes?

A

high

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6
Q

does BP contribute to water movement?

A

yes

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7
Q

do acids or bases donate H+?

A

acids

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8
Q

There is a narrow range of pH necessary to maintain life (acid base balance). T or F

A

T

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9
Q

what maintains pH?

A

equilibrium between bicarb and CO2 in the blood

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10
Q

what is the major buffering system in the blood?

A

carbonic acid - bicarbonate equilibrium

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11
Q

what would happen if there was no bicarbonate equilibrium?

A

The pH of blood would drop dramatically if not for this system

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12
Q

what is the major source of acid and its buffer?

A

The carbon dioxide (CO2) produced from fuel metabolism

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13
Q

is water stored in the body?

A

no
- Almost all water consumed is absorbed and excreted
- water in = water out

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14
Q

what populations are most at risk for dehydration?

A

Infants, athletes and the elderly

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15
Q

Too much water consumed very quickly can cause what condition?

A

hyponatremia, causing edema

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16
Q

what food groups are especially high in water content?

A

Fruits, vegetables and dairy

17
Q

what are the 3 principal ions?

A

sodium, potassium and chloride

18
Q

In the western diet, too much salt is usually consumed (sodium chloride) amd too little potassium. T or F

A

t

19
Q

why is a DRI for electrolytes recommended?

A

to minimize the risk of high blood pressure

20
Q

High blood pressure risk is associated with what?

A

genetics, age, disease conditions (diabetes) and lifestyle choices

21
Q

what is osmosis?

A

process of water based on concentration gradients

22
Q

Water will move to an area where there is a high level of:

A

solutes

23
Q

Large shifts in solute concentrations cause fluid imbalances, what are the conditions called?

A

Hyponatremia or hypernatremia
- Hypokalemia or hyperkalemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypoproteinemia

24
Q

when is potassium (positive ion) at its highest concentration?

A

inside cells

25
Q

when is sodium (positive ion) at its highest concentration?

A

outside cells

26
Q

the concentration gradient is maintained by what?

A

sodium-potassium ATPase
- energy is required to maintain this gradient
- This arrangement is necessary for nerve impulses and muscle contraction

27
Q

what are the main causes for an electrolyte deficiency?

A

heavy sweating, chronic diarrhea, vomiting or kidney disorders

28
Q

what medication may cause potassium loss, necessitating potassium supplements?

A

thiazide diuretics

29
Q

Electrolyte deficiencies can lead to what?

A

acid base imbalance, confusion, apathy, muscle cramps, constipation, poor appetite and eventually irregular heartbeat

30
Q

Hypertension increases risks for what conditions?

A

cardiovascular disease, MI and stroke

31
Q

what does blood transport?

A

nutrients, hormones, proteins, cells, oxygen etc

32
Q

does high intake of sodium increase or decrease blood volume and blood pressure ?

A

increase

33
Q

does high intakes of fiber, potassium, calcium and magnesium increase or decrease BP?

A

decrease

34
Q

is caffeine a diuretic?

A

yes, short term, not after you build a tolerance

35
Q

what is Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH)?

A

intervention to help manage hypertension

The combination of the DASH diet and low sodium intake lowered BP the most

NUTRITION - BIOCHEM (22 decks)

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