WC3 - Nanomedicijnen en advanced therapies Flashcards

(19 cards)

1
Q

Wat is de klinische toepassing van antibody-drug conjugates?

A

Antibody-drug conjugates have been widely used for treating specific tumor types for e.g relapsed Hodgkin’s lymphoma en systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia
bloed & borstkankers

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2
Q

Wat is het werkingsmechanisme van antibody-drug conjugate?

A

Mechanistically, antibody-drug conjugates exert their activity by (1) selective binding of the antibody to tumor, (2) internalization and (3) lysosomal degradation, and release of the cytotoxic payload, leading to cytotoxic cell death

A substance made up of a monoclonal antibody chemically linked to a drug. The monoclonal antibody binds to specific proteins or receptors found on certain types of cells, including cancer cells. The linked drug enters these cells and kills them without harming other cells

In tegenstelling tot veel standaardtherapiën moeten kankercellen op ADC’s reageren voor optimale effectiviteit​

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3
Q

De precieze vorm van het geneesmiddel - antibody-drug conjugate

A

zie plaatje word document

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4
Q

Wat is de effectiviteit van antibody-drug conjugates?

A

Zowel on-target als off-target toxiciteiten

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5
Q

Hoe veilig zijn antibody-drug conjugates?

A

Zowel on-target als off-target toxiciteiten

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6
Q

Wat is de klinische toepassing van liposomale geneesmiddelen?

A

Liposomes improve the therapeutic efficacy by enhancing drug absorption while avoiding or minimizing rapid degradation and side effects, prolonging the biological half-life and reducing toxicity. The unique feature of liposomes is that they are biocompatible and biodegradable lipids, and are inert and non-immunogenic.

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7
Q

Wat is het werkingsmechanisme van liposomale geneesmiddelen

A

The mechanism of liposomal drug delivery can be seen in Fig. 1, where drug molecules are implanted into the aqueous core of the liposome and are shielded from the body’s aqueous environment by the lipid bilayer. Over time the bilayer deteriorates and the liposomes release their inner drug contents.

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8
Q

Wat is het precieze vorm van het geneesmiddel - liposomaal gnm

A

zie word document

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9
Q

Wat is de effectiviteit van liposomale geneesmiddelen?

A

Liposomal formulations are less toxic than drugs alone and have better pharmacological parameters. Although they seem to be the first choice for drug delivery systems for various diseases, further research about dosage regimen regarding dose and time needs to be carried out.

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10
Q

Hoe veilig zijn liposomale geneesmiddelen?

A

While liposomes are typically considered pharmacologically inactive with minimal toxicity, their toxicity is tightly related to the type of model, exposure time, dose, and/or surface properties.

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11
Q

Wat is de klinische toepassing van CAR T cel therapie?

A

Although CAR T-cell therapies are not as widely used as immune checkpoint inhibitors, they have shown the same ability to eradicate very advanced leukemias and lymphomas and to keep the cancer at bay for many years . Since 2017, six CAR T-cell therapies have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

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12
Q

Wat is het werkingsmechanisme van CAR T cel therapie?

A

CAR T cells mediate MHC-unrestricted tumor cell killing by enabling T cells to bind target cell surface antigens through a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) recognition domain. Upon engagement, CAR T cells form a non-classical immune synapse (IS), required for their effector function.

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13
Q

Wat is de precieze vorm van het geneesmiddel - CAR T cell therapy?

A

zie word document

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14
Q

Wat is de effectiviteit van CAR T cell therapy?

A

In CAR-T therapy, a patient’s own immune cells are genetically engineered to recognize and attack cancer. Treatments employing CAR T-cells are currently showing promising therapeutic results in patients with hematologic malignancies, and their safety and feasibility in solid tumors have been verified.

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15
Q

Hoe veilig is CAR T cell therapy?

A

CAR-T cell and TCR-T cell efficacy in clinical trials
These approvals reflect the impressive clinical results achieved by anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in R/R B-cell malignancies, where complete remission (CR) rates reached 93% for B-ALL,12 13 54% for NHL14–16 and up to 67% for MCL.

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16
Q

De cytotoxische geneesmiddelen, die als payload worden gebruikt in een antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) zijn zeer potent, met IC50 waardes in de picomolaire range. Deze potency is nodig omdat geschat wordt dat slechts een klein percentage van de payload moleculen de intracellulaire target bereikt.
Stel dat elke stap vanaf toediening van de ADC tot en met het bereiken van de intracellulaire target een efficiëntie heeft van 50%. Welk percentage van de toegediende dosis bereikt dan uiteindelijk de intracellulaire target?

A

Docent : 1,56 ?? -> 6 stappen dus drm nog maar 1,5% over

17
Q

Wat is het effect op de therapeutische breedte van de cytotoxische payload wanneer deze als antibody drug-conjugate wordt toegediend? Leg uit.

A

De therapeutische breedte wordt breder, omdat je specifiek op de tumor aangrijpt, de toxiciteit neemt af. Therapeutische breedte = TD50/ED50 -> meer directe targeting, minder systemische toxiciteit
Zowel mtd neemt toe med neemt af

18
Q

CD19 CAR-T celtherapie en CD19 monoklonale antilichaamtherapie zijn beide gericht tegen CD19, een B-cel specifieke receptor.
Waarom zal CD19 CAR T cel therapie een effectievere immuunreactie opwekken dan CD19 mAb-therapie?

A

CAR T cellen -> memory T cellen -> 1 CAR T cell kan meerdere tumoren doden
Antilichamen -> meerdere moeten aan de tumor binden voor er echt een effect optreedt

19
Q

Leg uit hoe liposomen hun payload kunnen vrijgeven wanner zij zich in het tumorweefsel bevinden. Ga hierbij in op het verschil tussen passieve en actieve targeting.

A

Passief -> EPR effect -> afbraak in de tumor of al in de cel, verschillende typen, pH afhankelijk of spontaan binden
Subtype van endocytose – pinocytose kan plaatsvinden
Actief -> ligand binding aan de receptor op de tumorcel -> receptorgemedieerde endocytose – lysosoom

Verhitting -> thermosensitief -> pH -> liposoom uit elkaar vallen en komt het gnm vrij

Thermosensitief -> wordt warm gemaakt – spat uiteen – medicijn komt vrij - valt extracellulair al uit elkaar