Week 1 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is phonetics?
The study of the physical and physiological basis of speech sounds.
What are the branches of phonetics?
Acoustic, articulatory, auditory, and clinical.
Define acoustic phonetics.
Studies the physical properties of the speech sound and their transmission.
Define articulatory phonetics.
Studies how sounds are made in the vocal tract.
Define auditory phonetics.
Studies how speech sounds are perceived.
Define clinical phonetics.
Equivalent to articulatory phonetics but with an emphasis on disordered speech.
What are some examples of tools of phonetics?
Imaging (MRI, Xray, Ultrasound), acoustic analysis (Waveform, Spectrogram), psycholinguistic experiments, oral and nasal airflow and palatography, IPA, ears, etc.
Define phoneme.
A basic sound that has the linguistic function of distinguishing words. It’s the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit.
Define minimal contrasts/pairs.
Pairs of words that have identical pronunciations except for a single phoneme and whose meanings differ (example: sheet and sheep, slip and ship).
Define allophone.
Phonetic variation of a single sound that does not signal a change in meaning. (example: Lab ~ Ball)
What are the 3 standard graphical representations of sounds?
Simple Plots, Waveforms, Spectograms.
What is Praat?
Developed by Paul Boersma and David Weenink. Program used to record, play, view, manipulate sounds, perform a lot of phonetic measurements, annotate sounds with text grids, run experiments.
