Week 12 Flashcards
(13 cards)
What are communication disorders?
A communication disorder is present when a person has significant difficulty in formulating, transmitting, receiving, or comprehending information from others when compared to other people sharing the same language, dialect, and culture.
What are the different kinds of communication disorders?
Language disorder - difficulties with formulation/comprehension. Speech disorder - difficulties with transmission. Hearing loss - difficulties with reception.
How does having a strong background in phonetics help SLPs?
Allows for accurate transcription, helps with diagnoses, and with monitoring progress. Understanding how the articulators should work helps you figure out what is going awry. Ability to describe what should happen may help in therapy.
Which areas of phonetics are useful in audiology?
Acoustics and speech perception.
What are cochlear implants?
Cochlear implants have a microphone above the ear that records and processes sounds. A signal is then sent to a receiver under the skin. The receiver sends a signal to a wire implanted in the cochlear. The wire sends signals to the auditory nerve.
How does phonetic knowledge help second language teaching?
Knowledge of how to describe the sounds of the language and to accurately perceive what the student is saying. Teaching correct articulation, learning correct articulation, accent modification.
What are the two methods of converting phonemes to speech in speech synthesis?
Concatenative synthesis and parametric synthesis.
What is concatenative speech synthesis?
Uses recorded units and strings them together. Units can be of different sizes, usually either diphones or phonemes.
What is the difference between diphones and phonemes?
Diphones - segments of speech that include the transition from relatively stationary region of one phoneme to a similar region in an adjacent phoneme. Good with coarticulation, but many of them. Phonemes - ignore coarticulation effects, smaller units and less speaker specific. Easier to obtain and easier to store.
What is parametric speech synthesis?
Does not use saved units. Adjust different parameters (more hiss here, less voicing there). Articulatory model synthesis or formant/waveform synthesis.
What are the problems for most speech recognition systems?
Ambiguities and accent of the speaker.
How can phonetics be used in forensics?
Speaker identification, authentication of recordings, language or accent identification, transcription of difficult to understand recordings.
How does speaker identification work?
Identify a speaker by characteristics of their speech, either in person or from recordings. Look at accent, vowel duration, pitch, and upper formants.
