Week 1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the levels of organisation of the human body, from smallest to largest?
Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organs systems, organisms.
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining a stable internal environment despite a changing external environment.
What are the key components of a feedback system?
- A stimulus
2.A receptor - An afferent pathway
- A control centre
- An efferent pathway
- A response
How does a negative feedback system affect the initial stimulus?
Opposes/ Reverses it
What are the four main chemical elements in the human body?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
What is the difference between a covalent and ionic bond?
In a covalent bond the electrons are shared. In an ionic bond the electrons are transferred completely.
This organ system provides a physical barrier between our internal environment and the external environment.
The Integumentary system
This system carries blood throughout the body as well as nutrients and oxygen.
The cardiovascular/ circulatory system.
This system takes in oxygen from the atmosphere and expels carbon dioxide.
The Respiratory System
This organ system uses electrical signals to coordinate bodily functions, and also gives rise to higher functions like thought and memory.
The nervous system
This organ system, take, breaks down and absorbs nutrients.
The digestive system
This organ system supports the shape of the body and gives protection to delicate organs.
The skeletal system
This system enables movement and works with the skeletal system.
The muscular system.
This system involves chemical messages in the blood that regulate bodily processes.
The Endocrine System
This system secretes wastes and regulates fluid balance and blood pressure
Renal/ Urinary system
This system creates offspring through the combining of gametes
The Reproductive System
This system helps return fluid from tissues into the blood
The lymphatic system
Water is a unique molecule because it is polar. What does this mean?
Electrons are shared unevenly creating partial charges
What are the 3 main compartments of the body?
Intracellular fluid (ICF), interstitial fluid and plasma. (Last two are extracellular fluid (ECF)).
Blood clotting is an example of what kind of feedback system?
Positive Feedback
What is the consequence of homeostatic failure?
1.Localised damage to the area where homeostasis is unable to be reestablished
2. Damage spreads to neighbouring organs and organs systems
3. Death
What is the relationship between an organisms external and internal environment?
The internal environment is conditions within the body such as composition of fluids, cells membranes and organs. The external environment includes factors that surround the body such as temperature, air pressure and presence of other organisms. These two environments are interconnected through the process of homeostasis.
