Week 6 Flashcards
(45 cards)
What are the specialisations of muscle tissue?
Smooth muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, skeletal muscle tissue.
What is the structure, location and mode of control for smooth muscle tissue?
Structure: contains thick and thin filaments, non-striated
Location: primarily located in digestive tract; assist organs in the mobility of substances
Mode of Control: involuntary control
What is the structure, location and mode of control for cardiac muscle tissue?
Location: The heart
Structure: Striated, long, branched, cyclindrical.
Mode of Control: Involuntary Control
What is the structure, location and mode of control for skeletal muscle tissue?
Location: Connected to bones to perform movement
Mode of Control: voluntary control
Structure: striated, non-branched
What is the purpose of nervous tissue?
Conduction of electrical impulses
What are the two main kinds of nervous tissue?
Neurons and Neuroglia
What are the structural features of the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
What is the function of the nervous system?
To recieve, process and respond to external information.
What is muscle tissue specialised for?
For movement (locomotion, contribution, pumping and propulsion)
What is the difference between organs and tissues?
Tissues are made up of one kind of cell to perform a certain function. Whereas organs are made up of one or more kinds of tissue to perform multiple different functions.
What is the structure of skin?
The skin is made up of three layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis.
The epidermis is the most superficial layer, and is made up of skin cells which slough off and provide the body with a barrier.
The dermis is the middle layer, it contains blood vessels, collagen, elastin fibres, nerves, hair follicles and sweat glands. It provides sensations, support and helps regulate body temperature.
The hypodermis is the most deep layer, it is primarily composed of fat and thus, stores energy, provides cushioning and support and helps insulate the body.
What is the definition of an organ system?
An organ system is a system composed of different organs which work together to perform a specific function.
What is the importance of system integration?
The body is not able to maintain homeostasis without system integration. Systems often work together to perform their functions eg/ cardiovascular system.
What are the organs of the cardiovascular system?
Heart, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Lungs.
What is the relationship between the tissue in the heart and its function?
Myocardium: primarily muscle tissue; contract and relax rythmically
Endocardium: line smooth layer that lines heart valves and chambers ensuring efficient blood flow and prevents damage.
Epicardium: thin outer layer that anchors heart to surrounding tissue, supplies heart muscle w/ oxygen and nutrients
Pericardium: sac like structure that surrounds heart provides protection, contains fluid that reduces friction
What is the epithelial tissues role in integration of body systems?
Line compartments, provide surfaces for diffusion/transportation of substances, allow movement.
What is the role of muscle in the integration of bod systems?
Allows movement of body and within organs.
What is the role of neural tissue in the integration of body systems?
Maintains communication between systems
What is the role of connective tissue in the integration of body systems?
Supports everything to maintain structural integrity and facilitates function.
What is the relationship between the tissue in veins and their function?
Tunica Intima (inner): frictionless surface for blood to flow through, reduced resistance; single layer of endothelial cells and thin layer of connective tissue
Tunica Media (middle): controls diameter of vein; contains smooth muscle cells, elastic and collagen fibres
Tunica Adventitia (outer): provide structural support and connects vein to surrounding tissue; connective tissue, elastic fibres and collagen.
What is the relationship between the tissue in the capillaries and its function?
Thin walls (endothelium): single layer of endothelium, allows passage of substances across walls
Basement membrane: surrounds endothelium, provides structural support
What is the relationship between the tissue in arteries and their function?
Tunica intima: innermost layer, endothelial cells, smooth muscle and elastic tissue; prevents clots and toxins from entering blood stream
Tunica Media: middle layer composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue; regulate diameter of arteries.
Tunica Adventitia: outer layer, connective tissue, elastic and collagen fibres; anchors artery and provides structural support, contains nerves and blood vessels.
What is the relationship between tissue in the lungs and their function?
Respiratory Epithelium: barrier against foreign particles and pathogens, move mucus and trapped particles out of lungs.
Avelolar walls: where gas exchange occurs
What are the four kinds of nerve cells and describe their structure?
Unipolar: cell body is at one end of axon and dendrites at other
multipolar: generic nerve cells
bipolar: cell body is in axon between receptor and dendrites
pseudo-unipolar: cell body branches off axon