Week 6 Flashcards

(45 cards)

1
Q

What are the specialisations of muscle tissue?

A

Smooth muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, skeletal muscle tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the structure, location and mode of control for smooth muscle tissue?

A

Structure: contains thick and thin filaments, non-striated
Location: primarily located in digestive tract; assist organs in the mobility of substances
Mode of Control: involuntary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the structure, location and mode of control for cardiac muscle tissue?

A

Location: The heart
Structure: Striated, long, branched, cyclindrical.
Mode of Control: Involuntary Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the structure, location and mode of control for skeletal muscle tissue?

A

Location: Connected to bones to perform movement
Mode of Control: voluntary control
Structure: striated, non-branched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the purpose of nervous tissue?

A

Conduction of electrical impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two main kinds of nervous tissue?

A

Neurons and Neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the structural features of the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

To recieve, process and respond to external information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is muscle tissue specialised for?

A

For movement (locomotion, contribution, pumping and propulsion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference between organs and tissues?

A

Tissues are made up of one kind of cell to perform a certain function. Whereas organs are made up of one or more kinds of tissue to perform multiple different functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the structure of skin?

A

The skin is made up of three layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis.
The epidermis is the most superficial layer, and is made up of skin cells which slough off and provide the body with a barrier.
The dermis is the middle layer, it contains blood vessels, collagen, elastin fibres, nerves, hair follicles and sweat glands. It provides sensations, support and helps regulate body temperature.
The hypodermis is the most deep layer, it is primarily composed of fat and thus, stores energy, provides cushioning and support and helps insulate the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition of an organ system?

A

An organ system is a system composed of different organs which work together to perform a specific function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the importance of system integration?

A

The body is not able to maintain homeostasis without system integration. Systems often work together to perform their functions eg/ cardiovascular system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the organs of the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the relationship between the tissue in the heart and its function?

A

Myocardium: primarily muscle tissue; contract and relax rythmically
Endocardium: line smooth layer that lines heart valves and chambers ensuring efficient blood flow and prevents damage.
Epicardium: thin outer layer that anchors heart to surrounding tissue, supplies heart muscle w/ oxygen and nutrients
Pericardium: sac like structure that surrounds heart provides protection, contains fluid that reduces friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the epithelial tissues role in integration of body systems?

A

Line compartments, provide surfaces for diffusion/transportation of substances, allow movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of muscle in the integration of bod systems?

A

Allows movement of body and within organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the role of neural tissue in the integration of body systems?

A

Maintains communication between systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the role of connective tissue in the integration of body systems?

A

Supports everything to maintain structural integrity and facilitates function.

20
Q

What is the relationship between the tissue in veins and their function?

A

Tunica Intima (inner): frictionless surface for blood to flow through, reduced resistance; single layer of endothelial cells and thin layer of connective tissue
Tunica Media (middle): controls diameter of vein; contains smooth muscle cells, elastic and collagen fibres
Tunica Adventitia (outer): provide structural support and connects vein to surrounding tissue; connective tissue, elastic fibres and collagen.

21
Q

What is the relationship between the tissue in the capillaries and its function?

A

Thin walls (endothelium): single layer of endothelium, allows passage of substances across walls
Basement membrane: surrounds endothelium, provides structural support

22
Q

What is the relationship between the tissue in arteries and their function?

A

Tunica intima: innermost layer, endothelial cells, smooth muscle and elastic tissue; prevents clots and toxins from entering blood stream
Tunica Media: middle layer composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue; regulate diameter of arteries.
Tunica Adventitia: outer layer, connective tissue, elastic and collagen fibres; anchors artery and provides structural support, contains nerves and blood vessels.

23
Q

What is the relationship between tissue in the lungs and their function?

A

Respiratory Epithelium: barrier against foreign particles and pathogens, move mucus and trapped particles out of lungs.
Avelolar walls: where gas exchange occurs

24
Q

What are the four kinds of nerve cells and describe their structure?

A

Unipolar: cell body is at one end of axon and dendrites at other
multipolar: generic nerve cells
bipolar: cell body is in axon between receptor and dendrites
pseudo-unipolar: cell body branches off axon

25
What are the roles of the glial cells in the PNS?
Satellite cells: provide structure and protection to nerves Schwann Cells: produce myelin
26
What is the role of each of the glial cells in the CNS?
Astrocytes: formation of BBB, control concentration of substrates, provide support Oligodendrocytes: produce myelin Ependymal Cells: create CSF Microglia: protect against pathogens
27
What are the two functional divisions of the CNS?
Sensory component: afferent (information in, to brain) Motor Component: efferent (information out, from brain)
28
What are the divisors of the motor nervous system?
Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary)
29
How does the skin replenish/repair itself?
New cells are made in the lower layers of the epidermis, these move to the surface within four weeks, where they harden and die off. Hardened cells are packed closely together and seal skin off from outside environment. They shed as tiny flakes or are rubbed off.
30
What is an example of an organ which contains four tissue types?
Small Intestine.
31
What is the role of arteries in the cardiovascular system?
Transmit blood
32
What is the role of veins in the cardiovascular system?
Transmit blood
33
What is the role of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?
Allow communication
34
What is the role of the heart in the cardiovascular system?
Pumps blood
35
What is the role of epithelia in the integration of body systems?
Line compartments, provide surfaces for diffusion and transportation of substances, allow movement.
36
What is the role of muscle tissue in the integration of body systems?
Allows for movement of body and movement within organs.
37
What is the role of neural tissue in the integration of organ systems?
Maintains communication between systems?
38
What is the role of connective tissue in the integration of body systems
Supports everything to maintain structural integrity and facilitate function
39
What is the function of hair follicles?
Secrete non-loving keratin shaft of hair.
40
What is the function of sweat glands?
Secrete dilute salt fluid to cool body
41
What is the function of sensory receptors?
Monster external conditions
42
What is the function of sabeceous glands?
Exocrine glands that secrete lipid mixture
43
What is the function of arrector pili muscles?
Pull hair follicles into vertical position when muscle contracts, creates ‘goose bumps’.
44
What is the function of apocrine glands?
In genitalia, anus, armpit and eyelids; release waxy or viscous milky secretions in response to fear or sexual excitement.
45
What is the basal lamina?
Basement membrane is an acellular layer between epidermis and dermis.