Week 1 Lab 1, 2, 3 Flashcards
1
Q
eukaryotic
A
cell that has a membrane/nucleus
2
Q
autotrophic
A
derive nutrients from carbon dioxide
self-feeders
3
Q
heterotrophic
A
derive nutrition from organic compound in the environment
- other-feeders
4
Q
the three bacterial form
A
coccus (spherical - dots)
baccilus (rod - small hotdogs)
spirillum (spiral - wormy)
5
Q
bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic? heterotrophic or autotrophic?
A
prokaryotic
- single cell; has no nucleus; separate
heterotrophic
- single cell
6
Q
cyanobacteria
A
(railroad tracks)
- green and shape/structure
- photosynthetic
- autotrophic
7
Q
two important ecological roles of cyanobacteria?
A
basis of food chain
produce oxygen
8
Q
ex of bacterial diseased
A
bubonic plague
cholera
strep throat
tetanus
9
Q
what drugs to combat bacterial infections?
A
antibiotics
10
Q
what are sources of most antibiotics?
A
produced by other organism
-usually fungi or other bacteria
11
Q
what parts of the human body typically host bacterial populations?
A
gut and skin
12
Q
what are some of the benefits of hosting certain bacterial populations on and in our bodies?
A
- help digest food
- bacteria on skin help protect us from harmful parasites
13
Q
what role do bacteria serve in the cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem?
A
help breakdown waste products (dead animals, dead plants)
decompose
14
Q
food products that rely upon bacteria
A
cheese, yogurt, salami, beer, soy sauce
15
Q
Two major category of protists
A
animal like
plant like
16
Q
Kingdom Protista
A
eukaryotic
- cells with nuclei
17
Q
algae
A
unicellular (peanut)
multicellular (seawead)
colonial (egg with air bubbles)
- autotrophic
- photosynthetic
18
Q
what are two important ecological roles served by algae?
A
decompose
produce oxygen
19
Q
common food items utilizing processed algae
A
nori, carrageenan, alian, agar, ice cream
20
Q
Protozoans
A
Ameoba (ameoba circle covered by wiggly thing) paramecium (centipede) trypanosoma (stomach) - heterotrophic - not green
21
Q
Plasmodium
A
- some protozoans live within the tissues and cells of other organism
- lives part of life in the blood of humans
- red blood cells infected
22
Q
What disease is caused by plasmodium?
A
malaria
23
Q
how is malaria spread?
A
mosquito
24
Q
Kingdom Fungi
Yeast
A
- unicellular
- beer, bread, wine
- produce alcohol and carbon dioxide
25
what is the fungi doing to the examples of "moldy" food?
decomposing
26
hypae
- filaments that makes up the bodies of multicellular fungi
| root of mushroom
27
Fruiting body of fungi
- mushroom
- reproductive structures of fungi are often used as a food source
mushroom cap
28
what are some important fungal diseases of human?
athletes foot
ringworm
vaginitis
29
Fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic?
heterotrophic - not green
30
what "organism" is the result of a "symbiotic" relationship of fungi together with algae or cyanobacteria?
lichen
31
what is the role of each member of the lichen?
fungal - ability to attach to surface
algae - produce food; photosynthesis
lichen - provide house for photosynthesis
32
photosynthesis
process by which plants uses light energy to make sugar and other organic food molecules from carbon dioxide and water
33
xylem
tube inside stem; carries water up from the roots
34
phloem
tube inside stem; carries food, mainly sugar, from the leaves down to rest of plants
35
cephalization
concentration of sense organs in one part of the body
36
radial symmetry
symmetrical around center of axis
37
bilateral symmetry
symmetrical - divided equally - mirror image right and left side
38
Kingdom Plantae
- multicellular
- eukaryotic
- autotrophic
- color green
39
what process do plants generate their energy?
photosynthesis
40
what materials are needed by the plants to perform photosynthesis (reaction)?
CO2 and H20
| carbon dioxide and water
41
what are the end product of photosynthesis?
O2
| oxygen
42
Three major parts of plants
roots
stems
leaves
43
function of roots
provide anchorage and absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil
44
function stem
bear leaves; holds leaves up so it can absorb sunlight
| - highway/conduit between roots and leaves
45
function of leaves
obtain CO2 from the air and light from the sun, enabling to preform photosynthesis
46
what substance is transported by the xylem?
water and minerals up from the root to through out the body - leaves
47
what substance is transported by the phloem?
sugars
| - produced in leaves transported through out body
48
Parts of a flower - Carpel/Pistil
female part of flower
| - contain ovary
49
parts of a flower - petals
attract some kind of animal that will help pollinate flower
50
parts of flower Stamen
male part of flower
51
part of flower - ovary
main part of
| seeds develop
52
why do plants produce flower?
to reproduce
53
when you eat a fruit, what part of the plant are you eating?
ovary of a flower
54
when you eat a vegetable, what part of the plant are you eating?
vegetative
55
what is the function of a fruit? of seed?
help disperse seed
| seed - to reproduce
56
feeding method of sponges?
suspension feeders - filter feeders
57
what are commercial uses of the sponge skeleton?
bath sponges
58
Jellyfish
radial symmetry
| disable their prey with stinging cells from tentacles
59
why do tapeworms not need a digestive system?
they simply absorb nutrients across their body surface and have no digestive tracts
60
trichinella
illness caused by roundworms
- live in undercook pork or wild game
cooking meat until it is no longer pink kills the worm and avoids infection
61
common molluscs food items
snail, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, and squids
| - found in fresh water, salt water, and terrestrial environment
62
how are earthworms beneficial in soil?
they aerate the soil and their casting improve the soils texture
63
what segmented worm is used in medicine?
leeches
64
how are insects important in food production? and their major ecological role?
they carry/spread seeds, they are pollinators
65
What group of aquatic arthropods include many food items?
crustaceans
66
exoskelton
external skelton that protects the animal and provides point of attachment for the sucles that move the appendages
67
echinoderm prized food item
sea urchin
68
Four characteristics of Chordata
1. have a dorsal (hollow nerve cord)
2. have a notocord (flexible, supportive, longitudinal rod located between digestive tracts and nerve cord
3. have a pharyngeal slits (located in pharynx)
4. have a muscular post-anal tail
69
special feature of fish assist in breathing underwater?
gills
70
special feature of amphibians allows to live in land?
tetrapods "four feet"
71
special features of reptiles allow them to be successful on land?
amniotic egg: protected in water proof egg
| reptilian skin: covered with scales waterproofed with tough protein that keeps body from drying out
72
special feature of bird assist in temp regulation?
insulating feathers
73
special feature of mmals assis them in temp regulation?
Hair
74
Characteristics of humans cause them to be classified as mammals?
Hair and Mammary Gland
75
vegetables
Vegetative part; leaves, stems, flowers, and roots of plants
76
Kingdom Animalia
- Eukaryotic
- Heterotrophic
- Multicellular
- For the most part animals move
* Motile: mobility; ability to move by itself
* Sessile: stable
77
Kingdom: Animalia
| - Phylum: (9 important phylums of animals)
```
Porifera
Cnidarian
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata
```
78
Porifera
```
Sponges
• Aquatic, filter feeders
• Most marine, not all
• Colonial organism
• Water in through pores ( water out up)
• Dead shell/skeleton of sponges for
• radial
```
79
Cnidarian
```
Jelly fish
Aquatic, marine
Stinging cells to disable pretty
Some motile
radial
```
80
Platylmenthis
```
Flatworms
• Mostly aquatic , many internal parasites
• Parasites of larger organism
o Tapeworms – parasites of mammals
• bilateral
```
81
Nematoda
Roundworms
• Aquatic , terrestrial
• Internal parasites (of almost everything)
• Trichinella in muscle (most mammals – burry to make a cyst)
• bilateral
82
Anmelida
```
Segmented worms
• Mostly aquatic
• What is value of terrestrial earthworms?
• Bilateral symmetrical
• Leeches such blood; most common
```
83
Mollusca
```
Molluscs
• Aquatic and terrestrial
• Somewhat shell (rigid body parts)
• Squid and octopus
o Internal hard piece (mantle)
• Bilateral symmetry
```
84
Arthropoda
```
Jointed foot
• Walking leg that has joint in them
Aquatic and terrestrial
Land; parasites of bigger organisms
Crusteceans; insects; shrimp; spiders
Existence of exoskeleton (hard rigid part of body is in the outside)
• As organism grow: periodically shred exoskeleton
Short live don’t shed: bees ants
bilateral
```
85
Echinodermata
```
Echinoderms
A return to radial symmetry
Marine (all)
Share outer rough tough spiny outer skin
sea urchins: sea stars
```
86
Chordata
chordates
All have some form of backbone
Fishes, amphibians, retiles, birds, mammals (classes)
87
4 things in common of Chordata
1. pharyngeal pouches
2. Notochord
3. Dorsal nerve cord
4. post-anal tail
88
prokaryotic
type of cell lacking a membrane - no nucleus
| - found in bacteria and archaea
89
• Fishes
```
o Aquatic, gills for breathing
o 2 kind
Bony - skeleton
None bony part
• Shark: more primitive lifeform
o Only jaw bone
```
90
• Amphibians
```
o Includes frogs, toads, salamenders
o Dual life
Part in water – youth - gills
Part in land – adult – develop lungs
o Aquatic and terrestrial, gills or lungs for breathing
o Eggs must be laid in aquatic
```
91
• Reptiles
```
o Turtles, snakes, and lizards
o Completely adted to life on land
o Most primitive
o Water tight skin
Have to develop a way to keep water in body
o Eggs are laid on land
Have to have a way contain water
• Have a shell
o Sea turtles: on land, spend time on acquatic
Lay egg on land
```
92
• Birds
```
o Adapted for flight
o Feathers for warmth
o Descendants of dinosaurs
o Hard shell egg
o All lay eggs on land
```
93
• Mammals
```
o Hair for warmth
o Mammary glands to nourish young
o Domesticated mammals
Horse, dogs
Domesticated birds and mammals
• Turkey; pig; cow
```
