Week 10 - Social Support and Caregiving

Question 1

Why do people participate in social activities?

Answer 1

Can reduce stress, boost self-esteem and improve mental health.

Question 2

Do older people have the same opportunities to be social?

Answer 2

Many older people feel left out in clubs with majority younger people.
If unable to travel, then older people cannot go to social events, relying on caregivers.

Question 3

What are some social opportunities that exist for older people?

Answer 3

Religious activities, volunteering, political and cultural activities.

Question 4

How do social networks impact social participation?

Answer 4

Availability and quality of social networks matter.

Question 5

What is the personal resource model?

Answer 5

Conceptualizes life-style, including social participation. Includes choice.

Question 6

How can the personal resource model be harmful?

Answer 6

Since it includes choice, it put responsibility on people. Stressful.
ex. you made a wrong choice.

Question 7

Do older people like to participate in social activities or are they just introverted?

Answer 7

They do! Older people just don’t have many opportunities to participate.

Question 8

How does a person’s friends impact social participation?

Answer 8

A lack of a friend makes someone less likely to seek social participation.

Question 9

How does a person’s partner impact social participation?

Answer 9

If a partner dies, the remaining person in the relationship becomes isolated.

Question 10

Do most older people know there are programs available for them?

Answer 10

No.

Question 11

How can stereotypes impact an older person’s desire to participate in activities.

Answer 11

Negative stereotypes and discouraging culture can stray an older person away from participating socially.

Question 12

How can transportation make an older person not want to participate socially?

Answer 12

Public transportation is uncomfortable for older people.

Question 13

How can environment make an older person not want to participate socially?

Answer 13

If an environment doesn’t have enough green space, an older person might not want to go outside.
Unsafe neighbourhoods might discourage an older person from going outside.

Question 14

What was the outcome in the study where researchers placed benches in a certain area?

Answer 14

Physical activity increased.

Question 15

How do participation and support interlink?

Answer 15

Some support comes from participation.

Question 16

What is the outcome of providing social support for older people?

Answer 16

Mutual support takes place, providing social health.

Question 17

What are some types of support?

Answer 17

Financial or information based support.

Question 18

What does the Lawton model say about social participation?

Answer 18

That we should provide many different types of activities, leaving it up for the individual to choose.

Question 19

What is a source of support for older people?

Answer 19

Children.

Question 20

How do older people without children build social networks?

Answer 20

They usually have better social networks, with family and friends.
Have more resources too as they’re not spending money on their children.
Wealthier.

Question 21

Informal vs Formal Care

Answer 21

Formal: Care given by people with licenses and regulated jobs.
Informal: Unpaid (tax benefits are not common)

Question 22

What does the level of informal care rely on?

Answer 22

Resources within the social network.

Question 23

What is size in terms of social network?

Answer 23

The amount of people in the social network.

Question 24

What is quality in terms of social network?

Answer 24

The emotional attachment and time commitment.

Question 25

What is proximity in terms of social networK?

Answer 25

How close they are living to you.

Question 26

How does size in social networks impact informal care?

Answer 26

If you have more people, the work can be divided.

Question 27

How does quality in social networks impact informal care?

Answer 27

Part of mutual social support, a tighter close-knit relationship increases the quality of support given.

Question 28

How does proximity in social networks impact informal care?

Answer 28

It's easier to take care of someone when they live close by.

Question 29

How can size, quality and proximity impact the level of care received by an older person?

Answer 29

Overall quality is the most important, it defines how social networks provide support. Geography is not too important except in emergencies (which the healthcare system takes care of).

Question 30

Social Capital

Answer 30

Capital you gain from social interactions, or the quality of all social support.

Question 31

What does the level and type of received care (both informal and formal) depend on?

Answer 31

Age and health status.

Question 32

Why do seniors receive more formal care a they age?

Answer 32

They are losing their social networks.

Question 33

What type of care do seniors with poor health typically receive?

Answer 33

Both formal and informal.

Question 34

What type of care do seniors satisfied with their family network receive?

Answer 34

Informal.

Question 35

Which sex are most informal caregivers?

Answer 35

Female.

Question 36

What happens in phase four (last phase) of becoming a female caregiver of a spouse?

Answer 36

Where female family members feel their only role and purpose is to take care of their partner.

Question 37

What are some policy issues based on informal care?

Answer 37

Policies are not based on realities as there are not enough caregivers available and more older people are reluctant to ask for informal care.

Question 38

How many Canadians under age 45 give care to a senior?

Answer 38

About 3 million. Mainly female.

Question 39

When does caregiving stress turn into burden?

Answer 39

When the stress starts to affect the quality of caregiving.

Question 40

How can burden affect female caregivers economically?

Answer 40

Women can miss days of work, decline promotions and postpone education.

Question 41

Which sex suffers more in terms of health and other non-economic costs of caregiving?

Answer 41

Women, doesn't correlate with socioeconomic status as women still suffer more.

Question 42

What is a benefit to cargiving?

Answer 42

Can provide satisfaction and accomplishment.

Question 43

What is the most commonly reported economic cost of caregiving for both women and men?

Answer 43

Extra expenses. Women slightly more affected than men.

Question 44

Which non-economic cost of caregiving is most commonly reported?

Answer 44

The impact on social activities.

Question 45

How does caregiving affect leisure and holiday time?

Answer 45

Many caregivers report changed holidays due to caregiving responsibilities.

Question 46

How does caregiving impact family relationships?

Answer 46

Reduces time spent with spouses and children, affecting family dynamics.

Question 47

What are the models of healthcare?

Answer 47

Medical, social and health promotion.

Question 48

Which healthcare model is dominant in Canada?

Answer 48

Medical

Question 49

How does the dominant healthcare model in Canada affect caregiving?

Answer 49

It fails the ides of informal care, as illnesses and diseases are assumed to be treated by the healthcare system.

Question 50

Social Support

Answer 50

Help and assistance we give to and receive from others.

Question 51

When do people usually turn to the formal system?

Answer 51

When the informal system no longer meets their needs.

Question 52

Task Specificity Model

Answer 52

Says that different groups have different abilities and offer different types of support.

Question 53

Hierarchical Cmmpensatory Model

Answer 53

People chose their types of support from their inner family circle first.

Question 54

Functional Specificity of Relationships Model

Answer 54

People negotiate their relationships and support based on the history of their relationship.

Question 55

Convoy Model of Support

Answer 55

Closest ties are in the closest circle, outer circles are ties that are less close.

Question 56

Generational Stake

Answer 56

Older people have a greater stake in the parent-child relationship.

Question 57

Long-Distance Caregivers

Answer 57

Those who live a significant geographic distance from their care receiver often experience guilt or worry.

Question 58

What demographic trends affect the future of caregiving?

Answer 58

Aging population and rising dementia rates increase the need for informal and formal caregiving.

Question 59

How does filial piety affect caregiver burden in Chinese families?

Answer 59

Strong values may reduce burden, but discouraging seeking outside help could increase stress.

Question 60

Fictive Kin

Answer 60

Close relationships with non-relatives.

Question 61

How does technology aid caregiving?

Answer 61

Enables communication, access to resources and online support groups.

Question 62

What is "quasi-widowhood" in caregiving?

Answer 62

Experience of feeling widowed when a spouse with dementia enters institutionalized care.