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Aging > Week 11 - Dying and Death > Flashcards

Week 11 - Dying and Death Flashcards

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1
Q

Elder Abuse

A

Action or inaction by any person that causes harm to an older person.

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2
Q

Which sex is elder abuse more common in?

A

More common in females.

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3
Q

How does burden on caregivers and elder abuse correlate?

A

If you decrease burden on caregivers, the risk for abuse decreases.

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4
Q

Is family violence properly reported?

A

No, people normalize it. :(

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5
Q

Who is most likely to be an elder abuser to women?

A

Family

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6
Q

Who is most likely to be an elder abuse to men?

A

An acquaintance or stranger.

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7
Q

What are some risk factors for elder abuse?

A

Unresolved conflicts, financial/personal dependence, burden.

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8
Q

What current theories explain elder abuse?

A

No current theories. Either very complex or not enough data. Most people don’t take action.

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9
Q

Is inaction in terms of elder abuse okay?

A

No its neglect.

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10
Q

Which demographic of older people need intervention?

A

Those with diagnosed issues.

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11
Q

What demographic trend is increasing public interest in elder abuse and neglect?

A

The growth of the older population.

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12
Q

How has political influence played a role in elder policy?

A

Increased political power of older people has pushed abuse issues into the public and policy spotlight.

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13
Q

What social movement has intersected with aging policy reform?

A

The women’s movement.

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14
Q

What is one key factor helping public policies address elder abuse?

A

The government wanting to intervene in family life.

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15
Q

Death

A

Inevitable reality of life.

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16
Q

Biological Death

A

Simple as it is measurable. Literally what the name says.

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17
Q

Social Death

A

Assuming someone is similar to dead, complex. When someone is not apart of society anymore.

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18
Q

Is this social or biological death: An elder’s family and friends are all dead, so due to social isolation people regard them as invisible, or “dead”.

A

Social death.

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19
Q

Is social death preventable?

A

Yes, people can be socially aligned before death.

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20
Q

In which population is death more common?

A

Older population, younger population die more related to accidents.

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21
Q

Death Trajectory

A

Duration and shape. Duration: the time a patient has to live. Shape: How the duration is graphed.

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22
Q

What type of death trajectory does death in old age follow?

A

A long (and possibly painful) death.

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23
Q

Why is the death trajectory for older people more painful?

A

Due to better medical care people stay alive for longer, but they still may suffer during this time in a hospital.

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24
Q

Palliative Care

A

Providing relief from the distress of a terminal diagnosis. Goal is to improve quality of life for the person and their family. Part of medical model.

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25
Good Death
Focuses on a comfortable death, like most people want to die at home, being quick and painless.
26
Bad Death
Long and painful, most people don't want to die of diseases or in a hospital.
27
Are people experiencing more good or bad death?
Bad death. Most people die with a long trajectory suffering in a hospital.
28
How to help people experience more good death?
Provide care at home, as most people want to die at home.
29
What emotion or existential factors make death "good"?
When a death a meaningful, expected, and accepted.
30
What emotion or existential factors make death "bad"?
When a death feels senseless and meaningless.
31
What are some downsides of dying in hospitals?
Often expensive, focuses on prolonging life over quality, contradicts "aging in place" philosophy.
32
How does cancer affect the place of death?
People with cancer are more likely to die at home.
33
How does dementia affect the place of death?
People with dementia are more likely to die in nursing homes or hospitals.
34
Why is home care for people with dementia challenging?
Dementia care is complex, needs a balance between quality of life and quality of death.
35
What needs to be done to support home-based dementia care?
Advocacy for home care and better support systems are essential.
36
What is a major gap in research on death and dying?
There are very few studies on the topic of death. Most of them focus on health, treatment or the process rather than the experience.
37
Do older people fear death the most?
Opinions vary, some say they accept death due to life experience, but others say they still fear the unknown.
38
What actors might reduce fear of death in older people?
Life satisfaction, greater exposure to death, philosophical acceptance.
39
Five Stages of Psychological Reactions to Dying
1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance
40
What does the bargaining stage often look like in practice?
People may bargain with God, attend church, or make promises in exchange for more time.
41
Why is the depression stage important to recognize?
It's critical to monitor as it can lead to severe despair.
42
What does acceptance mean in the context of dying?
It is not the end of care, people still may need support revisiting earlier stages.
43
Is the five-stage model of dying linear?
No, the process is not linear as people may move back and forth between stages.
44
Who developed the five-stage model of dying.
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross
45
How did the five-stage model come to be?
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross interviewed dying patients.
46
Grief
Sense of deep sorrow after a loss.
47
Mourning
Expression of grief in public
48
Bereavement
Having recently experienced grief.
49
Is grief temporary?
Sometimes grief never goes away, but it does decrease in intensity. If it gets out of hand it could need an intervention.
50
Why does the loss of a friend, family member or friend occur more often in women?
Women tend to live longer than men, increased losses in life.
51
What are the common consequences of loss in old age?
Social isolation, financial hardship, and depression.
52
Can the death of a partner feel like a relief?
Yes, especially for caregiving women, due to unpleasant relationships as well.
53
Why is the experience of relief after a partner's death not discussed?
Society expects unconditional love to the end, talking about relief can cause guilt.
54
What are three complex (maladaptive) grief types?
1. Anticipatory Grief 2. Disenfranchise Grief 3. Complicated Grief
55
Anticipatory Grief
Started grieving process before someone's death. More common in people with fatal diseases.
56
Disenfranchised Grief
When death is not acknowledged, When a person doesn't show grief people assume there was no significant relationship between the two.
57
Complicated Grief
Long and severe grief, usually needing intervention as normal life can't be resumed.
58
What are some risk factors for maladaptive grief?
Lingering and severe disease, closeness and nature of relationship, socio-economic status.
59
Why do death-related practices vary across cultures and ethnicities?
Life values and traditions differ, each group has a unique way of greiving.
60
How should one navigate cultural grief practices as an outsider?
Practice understanding, respect and reflection, instead of trying to control the grief process. Maladaptive grief should not be assumed.
61
What helps ease distress for Indigenous patients in hospital?
1. Interpreters for communication 2. Larger rooms for extended family visits 3. Time allowance for family presence 4. Culturally informed understanding by health professionals
62
What ethical questions involve the sharing of information in end-of-life care?
Who, when and how.
63
What is the main issue in the debate on the right to die?
Many support the right to die, but mental health conditions make it a little more complicated.
64
What is the difference between cease of care, and assisting in death?
Cease of care: allows natural death with intervention Assisting in death: Actively involved in ending life.
65
What are advance directives in assisted death decisions?
If a person is no longer capable, decisions are guided by advance directives and collaboration between family, healthcare providers, and prior patient wishes.
66
Assisted Suicide
Asking for a lethal medicine that is taken by yourself.
67
Active Voluntary Euthanasia
The healthcare professional administers the medicine.
68
Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID)
Either assisted suicide of active voluntary euthanasia.
69
How many people until 2019 received MAID?
5000 people, 80% older adults.
70
70
Ego Integrity
Person looks over their life, achieves acceptance and prepares for death.
71
Power of Attorney
Gives decision-making authority to a lawyer, family member or friend.
72
How can power of attorney be used in terms of someone who is terminally ill?
Gives a person the right to make decisions on behalf of the ill person if the person loses their mental capacity.
73
Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Order
Legal document that tells healthcare providers to not perform CPR if a patient's heartbeat or breathing stops.
74
Respite Care
Taking a break from caring, the person you care for is looked after by someone else.
75
Passive vs Active Euthanasia
Passive is allowing death and active is causing death.

Aging (11 decks)

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