Week 4 - Physical Health and Aging

Question 1

What percentage of older adults (65+) in Canada report good or better health?

Answer 1

Women: 78.8%
Men: 78.6%

Question 2

Does having chronic conditions mean poor quality of life?

Answer 2

No, depends on medical care, education and environment (physical and social)

Question 3

What is biological aging?

Answer 3

Progressive decline in physical function due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Question 4

What is intrinsic aging?

Answer 4

Wear and tear that occurs naturally with age

Question 5

What is extrinsic aging?

Answer 5

Aging influenced by lifestyle and environmental factors

Question 6

What increases linearly with age?

Answer 6

Chronic diseases, disability and cognitive decline

Question 7

What is mortality?

Answer 7

Number of deaths in a population during a given time

Question 8

What is survival?

Answer 8

Proportion of people who are still alive after an event

Question 9

What is morbidity?

Answer 9

Any departure from a state of health

Question 10

What is disability?

Answer 10

Reduction in capacity to function

Question 11

What are gene-environment interactions?

Answer 11

Interplay between biology and environment throughout life

Question 12

What are life course models?

Answer 12

Frameworks linking adult health to exposures throughout life

Question 13

What is the critical period model?

Answer 13

Exposure during a vulnerable time has long-term effects

Question 14

What are the vulnerable ages for the critical period model?

Answer 14

Fetal, adolescence and early old age (65-75)

Question 15

What is an example of the critical period model?

Answer 15

Dutch hunger winter shows fetal origins of disease

Question 16

What is the accumulation of risk model?

Answer 16

Risk increases from long-term exposure or repeated insults

Question 17

What is the chain of risk model?

Answer 17

One risk leads to another, increasing disease likelihood

Question 18

What is an example of chain of risk model?

Answer 18

Violence –> depression –> less activity –> mobility decline

Question 19

Example of chain of risk model (early childbirth)

Answer 19

Teen childbirth –> obesity –> disability

Question 20

What systems does aging affect?

Answer 20

Cardiovascular, digestive, cognition, senses, etc.

Question 21

Can age related decline be modified?

Answer 21

Yes, with exercise, aids and environmental changes

Question 22

Why is disability important in gerontology?

Answer 22

Directly affects independence and quality of life

Question 23

What are some standard measures of disability?

Answer 23

ADLs and IADLs
(also SPPB, Nagi scale and LLDI)

Question 24

What are ADLs

Answer 24

Activities of daily living, like eating, bathing and getting dressed etc

Question 25

What are IADLs?

Answer 25

Instrumental activities of daily living, like housework, laundry, money management etc

Question 26

What is short physical performance battery?

Answer 26

A measure of balance + gait + speed + rise from a chair

Question 27

What is the Nagi scale?

Answer 27

Self report of walking, lifting and handling objects

Question 28

What is the late life disability instrument?

Answer 28

Measures frequency of performing social activities (family, travel)

Question 29

Why are ADLs and IADLs commonly used?

Answer 29

They are widely recognized and easy to assess

Question 30

What are examples of assistive tech for aging?

Answer 30

Mobility aids, internet access, home modifications

Question 31

What are key individual coping strategies?

Answer 31

Compensation, assistive devices, tech use

Question 32

What are societal coping strategies?

Answer 32

Environmental design, public health policy

Question 33

What are some prevention strategies for healthy aging?

Answer 33

- No smoking - Moderate drinking - Healthy diet - Exercise - Social support

Question 34

What is life expectancy?

Answer 34

Average projected lifespan based on current trends

Question 35

What is lifespan?

Answer 35

Maximum number of years a human can live

Question 36

What is compression of morbidity?

Answer 36

Reducing years spent in poor health near end of life

Question 37

What is expansion of morbidity?

Answer 37

Longer life but with prolonged illness or disability

Question 38

What is the squaring of the survival curve?

Answer 38

Most people living long and dying within a short age range

Question 39

What is HALE?

Answer 39

Health-adjusted life-expectancy

Question 40

What does successful aging mean?

Answer 40

Maintaining mental, physical and social function despite aging

Question 41

How does WHO define health?

Answer 41

Complete physical, mental and social wellbeing

Question 42

What approach does healthy aging require?

Answer 42

Multidisciplinary and wholistic thinking

Question 43

Why is the environment important in aging?

Answer 43

It can enhance or restrict independence

Question 44

What is functional disability?

Answer 44

Limitation on a person's ability to perform normal daily activities due to illness or injury

Question 45

What is the WHO's ICF model of disability?

Answer 45

A framework connecting disease, body function and participation, influenced by personal and environmental factors

Question 46

Which chronic conditions are more prevalent in older women?

Answer 46

Arthritis, osteoporosis, hypertension and nutritional risk

Question 47

What is the activity reduction model of mental health?

Answer 47

Pain reduces activity, which then decreases psychological wellbeing

Question 48

How do environment changes help aging adults?

Answer 48

Barrier-free homes, safer bathrooms, accessible outdoor spaces

Question 49

What is telehomecare?

Answer 49

A program offering remote patient monitoring and support from healthcare providers at home

Question 50

What is smart clothing?

Answer 50

Wearable devices that monitor vital signs like heart rate and respiration

Question 51

What is the digital divide?

Answer 51

Gap between those with access to tech and the internet and those without

Question 52

How can website design be more senior friendly?

Answer 52

Larger fonts, simplified navigation and accessible layouts

Question 53

What is the difference sin internet use by gender?

Answer 53

Women seek health info, men seek info on healthcare systems

Question 54

Risks of overusing technology in elder care?

Answer 54

Loss of human contact, over-dependence and social isolation

Question 55

Purpose of community meal program?

Answer 55

To improve nutrition and reduce social isolation among seniors

Question 56

Who might older adults not want to use assistive devices?

Answer 56

They may symbolize dependency or make them feel different

Question 57

What helps seniors cope with chronic conditions?

Answer 57

Exercise programs, physical therapy, adaptive activities and social support