Flashcards in Week 104 - Self-harm Deck (37)
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1
What is the presentation of benzodiazepine overdose?
• Drowsiness / coma
• Ataxia
2
Give some examples of benzodiazepines.
Diazepam, Midalozam, Carbamazepine, chlordiazepoxide.
3
What is the treatment for benzodiazepine overdose?
• Activated charcoal (within 1hr)
• Flumazenil
4
What is the presentation of Tricyclic antidepressant overdose?
• Large pupils
• Coma
• Hypothermia
• Arrhythmias and hypotension
5
Give some examples of Tricyclic antidepressants.
Amitryptiline, Butryptiline, Ritalin
6
What is the treatment for tricyclic antidepressant overdose?
No antidote.
7
What is the presentation of paracetamol overdose?
• >24hrs Anorexia and vomitting
• 3-5 days Abdo pain, abdo bruising, hypo/hyperglycaemia.
8
What is the treatment for paracetamol overdose?
• Activated charcoal (if within 1 hr)
• N-Acetyl Cysteine
9
What is the presentation of opioid overdose?
• Small pupils
• Bradypnoea
• Coma
10
Give some examples of opioids.
Morphine, Codeine, Tramadol
11
What is the treatment for opioid overdose?
Naloxene
12
What is the presentation of Beta-blocker overdose?
Bradycardia
13
What is the treatment for beta-blocker overdose?
Glucagon
14
Week 104 - Self-harm: What is the incidence of suicide in the UK?
15.5/100000 - males
6/100000 - females
15
Week 104 - Self-harm: What is the ratio of suicide between males and females in the UK?
3:1
16
Week 104 - Self-harm: What are the most common forms of suicide in males?
Hanging, oversode, carbon monoxide poisoning.
17
Week 104 - Self-harm: What is the most common form of suicide in females?
Overdose.
18
Week 104 - Self-harm: What are the four theories of social suicide?
• Altruistic
• Fatalistic
• Egotistic
• Anomie
19
Week 104 - Self-harm: What is the altruistic theory of suicide?
Sacrifice for the sake of the group.
20
Week 104 - Self-harm: What is the fatalistic theory of suicide?
Communality control, mass cult suicide.
21
Week 104 - Self-harm: What is the egotistic theory of suicide?
Loss of integration within the community.
22
Week 104 - Self-harm: What is the anomie theory of suicide?
Community in upheaval.
23
Week 104 - Self-harm: What is the rate of self-harm in the UK?
400/100000
24
Week 104 - Self-harm: Which gender has a higher rate of self-harm?
Females
25
Week 104 - Self-harm: Which age-groups are the peak for self harm? (Male/Female)
Female 15-24
Male 25-34
26
Week 104 - Self-harm: Forced emesis is no longer recommended, what substance is used and in which situation is it absolutely contra-indicated?
• Ipecacuahana syrup.
• Absolutely contraindicated for the ingestion of corrosives, volatile hydrocarbons or rapidly acting proconvulsants.
27
Week 104 - Self-harm: A patient presents following overdose with the following symptoms; Coma, hypertonia, hyper-reflexia, myoclonus, tachycardia, Mydriasis. What is the likely poison?
Tri-cyclic anti-depressants.
28
Week 104 - Self-harm: A patient presents with Coma, Miosis (constricted pupils) and a reduced respiratory rate. What is the likely poison?
Opiates
29
Week 104 - Self-harm: A patient presents with nausea, vomitting, tinnitus, deafness, sweating, hyperventilation, vasodilation and metabolic acidosis. What is the likely poison?
Salicylates (Aspirin)
30
Week 104 - Self-harm: A patient presents with coma, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, hypotension and an absent or extensor plantar response. What is the likely poison?
Benzodiazepines.
Barbiturates.
31
Week 104 - Self-harm: A patient presents with hyperthermia, tachycardia, delerium, agitation and mydriasis. What is the likely poison?
MDMA.
32
Week 104 - Self-harm: Plasma levels for which poison should be measured in all unconscious poisoned patients, why?
• Paracetamol
• Symptoms are not apparent, multiple drug ingestion is common, it is important to diagnose paracetamol overdose early when treatment is effective.
33
Week 104 - Self-harm: What is the antidote for paracetamol?
N-acetyl cysteine.
34
Week 104 - Self-harm: What is the antidote for Benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil.
35
Week 104 - Self-harm: What is the antidote for Opiates?
Naloxone.
36
Week 104 - Self-harm: What is the antidote for B-blockers?
Glucagon.
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