Week 11 - Late Adulthood

Question 1

3 Stages of late adulthood

Answer 1

young-old 65–74;
old-old 75–84;
oldest-old 85+

Question 2

activities of daily living (ADLs)

Answer 2

daily requirements of life for adults, such as bathing, dressing, food preparation and eating, housekeeping and paying bills

Question 3

gerontologist

Answer 3

researcher on ageing

Question 4

functional age

Answer 4

age that indicates the actual competence and performance of older adults; may be higher or lower than chronological age

Question 5

old-age dependency ratio (OADR)

Answer 5

in a population, the ratio of people aged 65 and over to people aged 20–64

Question 6

Primary ageing is the

Answer 6

inevitable biological ageing that takes place in all members of the human species, as it takes place in all living organisms

Question 7

Secondary ageing is the

Answer 7

decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviours such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise and substance abuse, as well as environmental influences such as pollution.

Question 8

cataracts,

Answer 8

a progressive thickening of the lens causing vision to become cloudy and distorted

affecting 25% of people in their 70s and 50% in their 80s

Question 9

macular degeneration,

Answer 9

the loss of clarity in the centre of the visual field.

This disease affects about 4% of people aged 65–74 and 15% of those 75 and over

Question 10

glaucoma

Answer 10

loss of peripheral vision due to build-up of fluid that damages the optic nerve

Question 11

by the late 70s, about ___% of people report some degree of hearing impairment

Answer 11

75%

Question 12

About _________of adults over age 65 report some degree of impairment in taste and smell, but the prevalence of impairment rises to over ______% in adults over age 80

Answer 12

one-quarter
60

Question 13

affecting over half of people over age 65, is sleep_____________

Answer 13

sleep apnoea, which is a sleep-related respiratory disorder

The most common treatment for sleep apnoea is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), in which a ventilation device blows a gentle stream of air into the nose during sleep to keep the airway open

Question 14

arthritis, About half of adults over age 65 in developed countries report symptoms of arthritis, with women more often affected than men for unknown reasons

Answer 14

a disease of the joints that especially affects the hips, knees, neck, hands and lower back.

Most arthritis is due simply to decades of using the joints, which eventually wears out the cartilage that cushions joint movement. The fluid in the joints that acts as a shock absorber also diminishes as part of primary ageing.

Question 15

hypertension, also known as high blood pressure

Answer 15

67.8% of adults over age 70 have hypertension in NZ

Question 16

active life span

Answer 16

, the number of years their physical functioning is favourable enough for them to enjoy their lives and perform most of their daily activities without impairment.

Question 17

Alzheimer’s disease,

Answer 17

which is a distinctive pattern of structural decline in the brain that accounts for over half of cases of dementia in late adulthood

Question 18

Alzheimer’s disease,

Answer 18

which is a distinctive pattern of structural decline in the brain that accounts for over half of cases of dementia in late adulthood

Question 19

wisdom

Answer 19

can be defined as ‘expertise in the conduct and meaning of life’

Question 20

selective optimisation with compensation (SOC)

Answer 20

response to ageing that entails selecting valued activities and dropping others, optimising performance in the remaining activities and compensating for physical and cognitive declines by developing new strategies or by using technology

Question 21

There are three components to the successful ageing model:

Answer 21

(1) maintaining physical health, including low risk of disease and disability;
(2) maintaining cognitive functioning; and
(3) continued engagement with life, including relationships with others as well as productive activity (through paid work or volunteering)

Question 22

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Answer 22

Carstensen’s theory that older adults maximise their emotional wellbeing by becoming increasingly selective in their social contacts