Week 9 - Young adulthood

Question 1

3 markers of the transition into adulthood, according to studies across many countries (incl. Australia, China, US. some europe and some south america).

Answer 1

accepting responsibility for oneself
making independent decisions
becoming financially independent.

rank highest not just across cultures and nations, but also across age groups, ethnic groups and social classes

Question 2

Anthropologists have found that in virtually all traditional cultures, the transition to adulthood is clearly and explicitly marked by ___________. (+1 interpretation)

Answer 2

marriage

One possible interpretation would be that traditional cultures elevate marriage as the key transition to adulthood because they prize the collectivistic value of interdependence

Question 3

The heart muscle starts to become more _____

Answer 3

rigid

Question 4

Deposits of ______ and _____ begin to accumulate in the arteries of the cardiovascular system

Answer 4

cholesterol and fat

Question 5

Levels of human ______ _______ gradually decline in young adulthood and beyond, causing the skin to become looser and the amount of muscle mass to decrease

Answer 5

growth hormone

Question 6

vital capacity decreases beginning at age 25, but only at about ____% per decade

Answer 6

10%

Question 7

Both ___ and ___ Cells reduce

Answer 7

T and B

Question 8

An adult with a BMI of over ____ is classified as overweight, and an adult with a BMI over ___is obese

Answer 8

25 30

Question 9

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 9

amount of energy the body uses when at rest

Question 10

A recent national New Zealand Health Survey (2015–16) found that almost ___% of the population were obese, with a further ___% being overweight but not obese.

Answer 10

32

35

Question 11

Researchers have found that a specific protein, ________, is involved in weight levels in both animals and humans

Answer 11

leptin

Question 12

Reasons for obesity increase:

Answer 12

less exercise (more sedentary)
more caloric intake
cheap unhealthy foods

Question 13

Common problems resulting from obesity in young adulthood are (4):

Answer 13

high blood pressure,
diabetes,
sleep disorders
and digestive problems

Question 14

aerobic exercise

Answer 14

exercise that involves vigorous movement that substantially elevates the heart rate for at least 30 minutes

Question 15

most adults in developed countries do not take part in regular exercise, with _____% of adults in Australia not participating in recommended levels of sufficient physical activity

Answer 15

56%

Question 16

expertise

Answer 16

extensive knowledge and skills in a specific field

Question 17

creativity

Answer 17

ability to put ideas or materials together in new, culturally meaningful ways

Question 18

triangular theory of love

Answer 18

Sternberg’s theory that different types of love involve combining three fundamental qualities in different ways: passion, intimacy and commitment

Question 19

About ___% of people in most societies eventually marry or form another kind of long-term romantic partnership

Answer 19

90%

Question 20

3 types of economic transaction included as part of marriage

Answer 20

bride price,
bride service,
dowry

Question 21

India, for example, has a history of arranged marriage that has existed for 6000 years (Prakasa & Rao, 1979). Today, however, nearly ___% of young Indians say they intend to choose their own mates

Answer 21

40

Question 22

bride service

Answer 22

marital arrangement in which the groom is obligated to work for the bride’s family for a designated period before and/or after the marriage

Question 23

dowry

Answer 23

marriage custom that transfers money or property from the bride’s family to the groom and his family

Question 24

factors that especially predict marital satisfaction

Answer 24

Realistic expectations.
Shared interests
Shared roles and responsibilities
Shared power

Question 25

expressive divorce

Answer 25

according to Barbara Whitehead, the type of divorce common in the West today, in which people expect marriage to fulfil their emotional needs for love and intimacy, and they seek a divorce if it ceases to do so

Question 26

Risk factors for divorce (4)

Answer 26

young age at marriage (younger than 25) having divorced parents, low religious involvement young adulthood

Question 27

In Australia, the median duration from marriage to divorce in 2015 was __.___ years

Answer 27

12.1 years

Question 28

Divorce over this 9-year period was predicted most strongly by infidelity, disagreements over money and excessive drinking or drug use.

Question 29

For both men and women, divorce is followed by increased risk of psychological problems such as depression and anxiety disorders, as well as sleep disorders and increased substance use.

Question 30

16% of children live with the unmarried father rather than with the mother

Question 31

five stages of occupational goals (not everyone fits the pattern prescribed by the theory, and certainly not according to these precise ages.)

Answer 31

Crystallisation, ages 14–18. start to consider how their talents and interests match up with the occupational possibilities available to them. Specification, ages 18–21. more focused. Implementation, ages 21–24. completing the education and entering the job itself. Stabilisation, ages 25–35. establish themselves in their careers. Consolidation, age 35 and up. occupational development means continuing to gain expertise and seeking advancement into higher status positions as expertise grows.

Question 32

second shift

Answer 32

term for the domestic work that women must perform after they complete their shift in the workplace