Week 11: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is psychopathology?
“Problematic patterns of th______, f______, or b________ that disrupt an individual’s sense of w___________ or s_______ or o____________ functioning”
What is psychopathology?
“Problematic patterns of thought, feeling, or behaviour that disrupt an individual’s sense of wellbeing or social or occupational functioning”
Disorder Criteria:
The 3 Ds
Deviance:
more or worse than usual/norms
Distress:
personal suffering
Dysfunction:
impairs functions in everyday life
DSM5
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM 5-TR
Anxiety Disorders:
O________ C_________ Disorder
P____ Disorder
G________ A_________ Disorder
A_______phobia
P____ T______ S_____ Disorder
S________ A_________/Phobia
Specific Ph__________
Anxiety Disorders:
Obsessive Compulsive
Panic
Generalised Anxiety
Agoraphobia
Post Traumatic Stress
Social Anxiety
Phobias
Affective Disorders:
D___________ episode
D____thymia
Bi______ A________ Disorder
Affective Disorders:
Depressive
Dysthymia
Bipolar Affective
Substance Use Disorders:
A___________ Dependence
D_____ U__ Disorders
Substance Use Disorders:
Alcohol Dependence
Drug Use Disorders
DSM Categories of Disorders:
Examples
Phobias:
Intense f____ of specific situation
Leads to a__________ of situations
Often considered i__________
Can include p_____ a______
Intense fear of specific situation
Leads to avoidance of situations
Often considered irrational
Can include panic attacks
OCD:
O__________ and C__________
O____________:
Unwanted, i_________ thoughts or u_______ that cause anxiety.
C____________:
Repetitive b___________ or th_______ a person feels driven to p_________, usually in r______ to an o____________.
Causes significant d_________
Comorbid d____________
Obsessions and Compulsions
Obsessions:
Unwanted, intrusive thoughts or urges that cause anxiety.
Compulsions:
Repetitive behaviours or thoughts that a person feels driven to perform, usually in response to an obsession.
Causes significant distress
Comorbid depression
Depressive disorders:
Involves experiencing l__ moods, l___-t___
Impacts on behaviour, relationships, work, etc.
Depressive disorders:
Involves experiencing low moods, long-term
Impacts on behaviour, relationships, work, etc.
Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms:
- Depressed mood most of day (s__, empty, o____________, tearful, hopeless, flat, etc.)*
- Loss of interest or p________ most of day (anhedonia)*
- Significant weight/a________ change
- S______ difficulties
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Fatigue/e________ loss
- Feeling worthless or excessively g_______
- Difficulty thinking, c_____________, making decisions
- Recurrent thoughts about death, suicidal i___________, plan, attempt/s
Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms:
- Depressed mood most of day (sad, empty, overwhelmed, tearful, hopeless, flat, etc.)*
- Loss of interest or pleasure most of day (anhedonia)*
- Significant weight/appetite change
- Sleep difficulties
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Fatigue/energy loss
- Feeling worthless or excessively guilty
- Difficulty thinking, concentrating, making decisions
- Recurrent thoughts about death, suicidal ideation, plan, attempt/s
Bipolar Disorder:
Episodes of mania
“M_____-d__________”
Extremely serious disorder
* 10-15% die by s__________
* Massive negative consequences in m_____ states
* Severe s_____ consequences
Biological/g________ basis
Bipolar Disorder:
Episodes of mania
“Manic-depressive”
Extremely serious disorder
* 10-15% die by suicide
* Massive negative consequences in manic states
* Severe social consequences
Biological/genetic basis
Personality disorders:
“An enduring pattern of inner experience and b________ that d_________ markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has onset in a____________ or early a________, is stable over time, and leads to d_______ or i___________”
Personality disorders:
“An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment”
Borderline personality disorder
* Unstable interpersonal r_______________
* Unstable self-i______ and emotion
* Lack sense of i_________
* Impulsivity
* Mood s_______; angry ou__________
* Fear of a________________
* M_________________ behaviour
Borderline personality disorder
* Unstable interpersonal relationships
* Unstable self-image and emotion
* Lack sense of identity
* Impulsivity
* Mood swings; angry outbursts
* Fear of abandonment
* Manipulative behaviour
Narcissistic personality disorder
- Overestimate abilities/a____________
- Arrogant; v____
- Need for a_________ and admiration
- Exaggerated s___-importance
- Extreme sensitivity to c________
- Believe deserve/entitled to s_______
treatment - Lack e________
- Interpersonal p_________
- But actually, low and f_______ self-esteem
Narcissistic personality disorder
- Overestimate abilities/achievements
- Arrogant; vain
- Need for attention and admiration
- Exaggerated self-importance
- Extreme sensitivity to criticism
- Believe deserve/entitled to special
treatment - Lack empathy
- Interpersonal problems
- But actually, low and fragile self-esteem
Antisocial personality disorder:
- Superficial ch___; intelligent
- Poise, rationality, absence of neurotic a________
- Untruthful, insincere, callous, m__________ behaviour; antisocial behaviour without r_____ or sh___
- Irresponsible and socially d__________ behaviour
- Poor judgment; failure to l_____ from experience; lack of i_______ into personal motivations
- Inability to establish lasting, c_____ relationships
- Mostly m___
Antisocial personality disorder:
- Superficial charm; intelligent
- Poise, rationality, absence of neurotic anxiety
- Untruthful, insincere, callous, manipulative behaviour; antisocial behaviour without regret or shame
- Irresponsible and socially disruptive behaviour
- Poor judgment; failure to learn from experience; lack of insight into personal motivations
- Inability to establish lasting, close relationships
- Mostly men
Psychotic disorders:
Presence of psychotic symptoms (at least one of the following
symptoms)
- Positive symptoms: Hallucinations, d__________, disorganised thinking*, and grossly disorganised/a__________ motor
behaviour - Negative symptoms:
Avolition (decreased motivation to
initiate and perform s____-directed purposeful a__________); flattened affect; alogia (poverty of speech)
Psychotic disorders:
Presence of psychotic symptoms (at least one of the following
symptoms)
- Positive symptoms: Hallucinations, delusions, disorganised thinking*, and grossly disorganised/abnormal motor behaviour
- Negative symptoms:
Avolition (decreased motivation to
initiate and perform self-directed purposeful activities); flattened affect; alogia (poverty of speech)
Delusions:
- Strongly held f______ beliefs; no evidence to support
- Believed to be certainly t____, behave consistently
- Can be possible but unlikely, can also be “bizarre” and i___________
- Confirmation b____
Delusions:
- Strongly held false beliefs; no evidence to support
- Believed to be certainly true, behave consistently
- Can be possible but unlikely, can also be “bizarre” and impossible
- Confirmation bias
Hallucinations:
- Perceptual experience in absence of s_________ (seeing/hearing
things that aren’t there, etc.) - Often au______ (voices)
- Often critical or c___________
- But can be in any s_______ modality
- Brain a_________
Hallucinations:
- Perceptual experience in absence of stimuli (seeing/hearing
things that aren’t there, etc.) - Often auditory (voices)
- Often critical or commanding
- But can be in any sensory modality
- Brain activity
Disorganised thinking (speech):
- Speech indicates thinking is d___________
- Probably the most important prognostic s_________
- Loose associations (j_____ between ideas)
- Clang associations (s____ of words)
- Neologisms
- Word salads (chaotic/non-s_______)
- Paralogic: seems logical but seriously f_______ (e.g., Jesus was
a man with a beard, I am a man with a beard, therefore I am
Jesus)
Disorganised thinking (speech):
- Speech indicates thinking is disorganised
- Probably the most important prognostic symptom
- Loose associations (jump between ideas)
- Clang associations (sound of words)
- Neologisms
- Word salads (chaotic/non-sensical)
- Paralogic: seems logical but seriously flawed (e.g., Jesus was
a man with a beard, I am a man with a beard, therefore I am
Jesus)
Abnormal Behaviour:
Disorganised behaviour:
* Behaviour i_______________ for the situation (e.g., clothes, sexual behaviour, shouting)
Inappropriate emotions:
* Silliness; agitation
* Difficulty performing activities of daily l________
Catatonic behaviour:
* Unresponsiveness to e__________, range from resistance to instructions
to maintaining rigid or bizarre posture
* Can be lack of s______, echoing
* Usually f____ affect; or inappropriate or exaggerated affect
Abnormal Behaviour:
Disorganised behaviour:
* Behaviour inappropriate for the situation (e.g., clothes, sexual behaviour, shouting)
Inappropriate emotions:
* Silliness; agitation
* Difficulty performing activities of daily living
Catatonic behaviour:
* Unresponsiveness to environment, range from resistance to instructions
to maintaining rigid or bizarre posture
* Can be lack of speech, echoing
* Usually flat affect; or inappropriate or exaggerated affect
