Week 2 - Cells, tissues and organs Flashcards
What is a tissue?
Cellular and extra cellular elements assembled to form basis of bodily functional systems, whereby one or more cell type usually predominates
What are the 4 basic tissue types and what are their properties?
Epithelia - closely packed cells which line the surface of an organ, derived from one of the 3 germ layers
Connective tissue - cells from mesoderm which produce extra cellular fibre matrix
Muscular tissue - Cells from mesoderm whose cytoplasm contains filaments of contractile proteins (actin/myosin)
Nervous tissue - Derived from neuro-ectoderm, consisting of cells which have neuritis (axons / dendrons) which, when stimulated, conduct impulses
What is the protein synthesis pathway?
- Signal sequence on peptide is recognised
- Docking protein orientates the peptide
- Translation occurs and protein is inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum -Protein is modified and processed
- Protein is stored
- Exocytosis occurs
What are the properties of cells?
Irritable
Conductive
Contractile
Absorb
Assimilate
Excrete and secrete
Respire
Grow
Reproduce
What pathologies are related to exocytosis?
I-cell disease
Lewy bodies
Pro-insulin diabetes
What pathologies are related to endocytosis?
Anaemia
Lysosomal storage diseases
Zellweger’s syndrome
What are the properties of lysosome?
What are the properties of proteosome?
Works only in acidic conditions (peroxisome is type with catalase)
Digests proteins with ubiquitation
What is the formation of tissue from cells called?
Histogenesis
What is the Calgary Cambridge framework in communication?
- Initiation of session (introduce self etc.)
- Listen to patient and get information from them (ask questions)
– Be compassionate and empathetic
- Physically examine patient
- Break things down and explain to patient course of action etc.
– maintain structure
- Close session and recap and summarise
What is the clinical relevance of the use of microscopes?
Distinguish between normal and abnormal tissue and identify source of abnormal tissue and decide best treatment
What are the 4 common stains and their properties?
H & E - haemotoxylin = basic dye that stains acid components purple / blue
Eosin = acidic dye that stains basic components pink
Periodic acid schiff - Oxidises sugars, staining resulting aldehydes bright pink
Trichrome - Shows different componenets
Weigert’s elastin - stains elastic
What are the 3 methods used to study cell structure and function?
Light microscopy
Electron microscopy (transmission + scanning)
Biochemical
What are the steps for setting up a microscope?
- Set lamp brightness at low power
- Place slide on stage
- Focus specimen at low power using coarse then fine focus
- Adjust eyepieces and interocular distance
- Close field diaphragm
- Focus image of diaphragm using condensor focus
- Centre the illumination
- Adjust condensor diaphragm so brightest
Which stain has been used here?
Weigert’s elastin
What stain has been used here?
Trichrome
What stain has been used here?
Periodic acid schiff
What stain has been used here?
Eosin
What stain has been used here?
Haematoxylin
