Week 2 Pharmacology FITB

Question 1

The right refusal allows patients to decline treatment, ensuring their ____ and ____ are respected.

Answer 1

autonomy, rights

Question 2

In medication administration, the 3 P’s stand for Pick, Pour, and _____.

Answer 2

Put (away)

Question 3

A drug is any chemical that affects the ____ processes of a living organism and is studied in the field of _____.

Answer 3

physiological, pharmacology

Question 4

The chemical name of a drug describes its chemical ____ and ____ structure.

Answer 4

composition, molecular

Question 5

The generic name of a drug is also known as its ____ name and is approved by ____ Canada.

Answer 5

nonproprietary, Health

Question 6

A brand name of a drug is a registered ____ and its use is restricted by the drug’s ____ owner.

Answer 6

trademark, patent

Question 7

According to Paracelsus, ‘All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; the ____ alone makes it so a thing is not a poison.’

Answer 7

dosage

Question 8

Drugs can be classified based on their similar properties and by their therapeutic and ____ class.

Answer 8

pharmacologic

Question 9

The broadest term for the study or science of drugs is called ____ and it encompasses various aspects of drug ____ and development.

Answer 9

pharmacology, classification

Question 10

Pharmaceutics involves the science of preparing and dispensing drugs, including ____ and ____.

Answer 10

dosage, design

Question 11

Pharmacokinetics refers to how the body alters the drug, while pharmacodynamics refers to how the drug alters the ____ and ____.

Answer 11

body, its functions

Question 12

The four main terms in pharmacology include pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and ____.

Answer 12

pharmacotherapeutics

Question 13

The term ‘bioavailability’ refers to the extent of ____ and is crucial for understanding ____ of drugs.

Answer 13

absorption, pharmacokinetics

Question 14

Drugs administered via the enteral route undergo a process called ____ which can affect their ____ in the body.

Answer 14

first-pass metabolism, effectiveness

Question 15

Non-first pass routes include sublingual, buccal, and ____ routes, which allow for ____ absorption into the bloodstream.

Answer 15

parenteral, direct

Question 16

The pharmacokinetic processes include absorption, distribution, metabolism, and ____, which are essential for understanding how drugs work in the body.

Answer 16

excretion

Question 17

If a drug is absorbed by the stomach or intestines, it is considered to follow the ____ route, impacting its ____ in the body.

Answer 17

enteral, bioavailability

Question 18

Inhalation and transdermal routes are examples of ____ routes that bypass the first-pass effect, leading to ____ absorption.

Answer 18

non-first pass, faster

Question 19

The drug can be absorbed through the oral mucosa or the mucosa of the _____, _____, or large intestine.

Answer 19

stomach, small intestine

Question 20

The fastest parenteral route for drug delivery is _____, while other routes include intramuscular (IM) and _____, _____.

Answer 20

intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), intradermal (ID)

Question 21

In addition to intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM), parenteral routes include _____, _____, and intrathecal.

Answer 21

subcutaneous (SC), intra-articular

Question 22

The process of ____ involves the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of ____.

Answer 22

distribution, action

Question 23

Factors affecting drug distribution include blood volume, blood flow, and ____ proteins, as well as body mass ____.

Answer 23

transport, composition

Question 24

Metabolism, also known as biotransformation, alters a drug into an inactive metabolite or a more ____ compound, among other forms.

Answer 24

soluble

Question 25

The liver is the most common site of drug ____, where it breaks down drugs via the ____ P450 system.

Answer 25

metabolism, cytochrome

Question 26

The liver can convert drugs into a more potent metabolite or a ____ active metabolite during the ____ process.

Answer 26

less, metabolism

Question 27

Factors that can affect drug metabolism include the presence of certain enzymes and the overall health of the ____ as well as genetic factors.

Answer 27

liver, genetic

Question 28

The biochemical alteration of a drug can result in either a more potent metabolite or an ____ metabolite, depending on various factors.

Answer 28

inactive

Question 29

The primary organ responsible for drug excretion is the _____, which eliminates drugs via _____ and secretion.

Answer 29

kidneys, glomerular filtration

Question 30

In pharmacokinetics, the time required for serum drug levels to be reduced by 50% is known as the drug's _____, while the time for maximal therapeutic response is called the _____.

Answer 30

half-life, peak

Question 31

If a patient has renal failure, they are at risk for accumulating toxic levels of drug metabolites due to impaired _____ and _____ of drugs.

Answer 31

excretion, elimination

Question 32

The lowest blood level of a drug is referred to as the _____, while the length of time that drug concentration is sufficient is known as the _____.

Answer 32

trough, duration

Question 33

Pharmacodynamics focuses on how a drug alters the body through _____ interactions, _____ interactions, and _____ actions.

Answer 33

receptor, enzyme, nonselective

Question 34

The time required to achieve a therapeutic response after drug administration is called the drug's _____, while toxicity occurs if the _____ blood level is too high.

Answer 34

onset, peak

Question 35

Drug interactions can be classified into ____ effect, ____ effect, and ____.

Answer 35

synergistic, antagonistic, incompatibility

Question 36

Factors influencing drug effects include drug concentration, patient condition, and ____ effect, as well as ____ and ____.

Answer 36

teratogenic, tolerance, dependence

Question 37

Types of drug therapy include acute, maintenance, and ____ therapy, as well as ____ and ____ therapy.

Answer 37

supplemental, palliative, supportive

Question 38

The therapeutic effect of a drug is its intended effect, while the ____ effect refers to unintended consequences, including ____ effects.

Answer 38

adverse, idiosyncratic

Question 39

Medication errors are defined as any preventable event that may cause inappropriate medication use or ____ while the medication is in the control of ____ or ____.

Answer 39

patient harm, health care provider, consumer

Question 40

According to the CRNA standards, if a client refuses medication, the nurse should ____ and ____.

Answer 40

document the refusal, inform the physician

Question 41

The Canadian Food and Drug Act regulates ____ and ____ in Canada.

Answer 41

food safety, drug approval

Question 42

A complimentary therapy is different from an alternative therapy because it ____ while an alternative therapy ____.

Answer 42

works alongside conventional medicine, replaces conventional medicine

Question 43

Older adults are defined as individuals who are ____ years and older, often experiencing ____ use of medications.

Answer 43

65, high

Question 44

Common considerations for older adult patients include ____ illnesses and ____ deficits.

Answer 44

chronic, sensory and motor

Question 45

Polypharmacy refers to the ____ of medications, which is common in older adults due to ____ health conditions.

Answer 45

high use, chronic