Week 4 COPD

Question 1

Etiology of COPD?

Answer 1

Caused mainly by cigarette smoking.

Question 2

Pathophysiology of COPD?

Answer 2

Progressive airflow limitation and lung inflammation.

Question 3

Clinical manifestations of COPD?

Answer 3

Chronic cough, sputum, dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance.

Question 4

Effect of smoking on lungs?

Answer 4

Causes inflammation and airflow limitation.

Question 5

Collaborative care for COPD?

Answer 5

Smoking cessation, medication, rehabilitation, education.

Question 6

Nursing management of COPD?

Answer 6

Assess respiratory status, administer medications, educate.

Question 7

Define COPD.

Answer 7

A preventable disease with irreversible airflow limitation.

Question 8

Characteristics of COPD?

Answer 8

Features of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Question 9

Define emphysema.

Answer 9

Alveolar destruction.

Question 10

Define chronic bronchitis.

Answer 10

Chronic productive cough for 3+ months over 2 years.

Question 11

Common symptoms of COPD?

Answer 11

Dyspnea, shortness of breath, activity limitations.

Question 12

Primary cause of COPD in Canada?

Answer 12

Cigarette smoking (80-90% of cases).

Question 13

Environmental factors for COPD?

Answer 13

Exposure to chemicals, dust, vapors.

Question 14

Role of respiratory infections in COPD?

Answer 14

Recurring infections contribute to COPD.

Question 15

Genetic factor in COPD?

Answer 15

α 1 - Antitrypsin deficiency.

Question 16

Pathophysiology related to alveoli?

Answer 16

Alveolar destruction and impaired gas exchange.

Question 17

Clinical features of COPD?

Answer 17

Chronic cough, dyspnea, barrel chest.

Question 18

Smoking history and COPD symptoms?

Answer 18

Linked to COPD symptom development.

Question 19

Significance of tripod posture?

Answer 19

Facilitates breathing using accessory muscles.

Question 20

Late-stage symptoms of COPD?

Answer 20

Anorexia and weight loss.

Question 21

Auscultation findings in COPD?

Answer 21

Prolonged expiration, wheezes, diminished sounds.

Question 22

Pursed-lip breathing benefits?

Answer 22

Keeps airways open, improves ventilation.

Question 23

Physical appearance of advanced COPD?

Answer 23

Barrel chest, dusky skin color.

Question 24

Accessory muscles in COPD?

Answer 24

Indicate increased breathing effort.

Question 25

Common respiratory symptom worsening in COPD?

Answer 25

Progressively worsening dyspnea.

Question 26

Complications of COPD?

Answer 26

Cor pulmonale, acute exacerbations.

Question 27

Define cor pulmonale in COPD.

Answer 27

Right heart hypertrophy due to pulmonary pressure increase.

Question 28

Chronic hypoxia and cor pulmonale?

Answer 28

Leads to pulmonary hypertension and right heart hypertrophy.

Question 29

Prognosis for cor pulmonale?

Answer 29

Poor prognosis as a late COPD manifestation.

Question 30

Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale?

Answer 30

Hypertension leads to right heart hypertrophy.

Question 31

Psychological complications of COPD?

Answer 31

Includes depression and anxiety.

Question 32

What are AECOPD?

Answer 32

Sudden worsening of COPD symptoms.

Question 33

Physiological changes leading to complications?

Answer 33

Chronic hypoxia leads to pulmonary hypertension.

Question 34

Clinical assessment components for COPD?

Answer 34

History, physical exam, PFTs, imaging, blood tests.

Question 35

Age impact on COPD management?

Answer 35

Older adults face more comorbidities.

Question 36

SpO2 goals for oxygen therapy?

Answer 36

Typical goals are 88-92%.

Question 37

Implications of COPD prevalence in Indigenous populations?

Answer 37

Prevalence is about twice that of the general population.

Question 38

Challenges for older adults with COPD?

Answer 38

Comorbidities, immobility, compliance issues.

Question 39

Diagnostic imaging for COPD comorbidities?

Answer 39

Chest x-ray or CT scan.

Question 40

Exercise testing benefits?

Answer 40

Assesses oxygen levels during activity.

Question 41

Importance of emotional support?

Answer 41

Crucial for treatment compliance.

Question 42

Function of SABA?

Answer 42

Quick relief from asthma or COPD symptoms.

Question 43

Define LAMA?

Answer 43

Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist for COPD.

Question 44

Benefits of combination inhalers?

Answer 44

Enhances symptom control, reduces exacerbations.

Question 45

Function of Onbrez Breezhaler?

Answer 45

Long-acting beta2-agonist for breathing.

Question 46

Role of PDE-4 inhibitors?

Answer 46

Reduces inflammation in severe COPD.

Question 47

LABA vs SABA duration?

Answer 47

LABA lasts 12-24 hours; SABA lasts 4-6 hours.

Question 48

Function of Duaklir Genuair?

Answer 48

Combines LAMA and LABA for bronchodilation.

Question 49

Purpose of nebulizer?

Answer 49

Delivers medication directly to lungs.

Question 50

Significance of Advair Diskus approval?

Answer 50

Effective for managing COPD symptoms.

Question 51

Duration of action for Breo Ellipta?

Answer 51

24 hours.

Question 52

Active ingredient in Bricanyl?

Answer 52

Terbutaline sulphate for quick relief.

Question 53

Function of Seebri Breezhaler?

Answer 53

LAMA for COPD maintenance.

Question 54

How does Symbicort work?

Answer 54

Combines corticosteroid and LABA for bronchodilation.

Question 55

Role of methylxanthines?

Answer 55

Relaxes airways in asthma and COPD.

Question 56

Company manufacturing Anoro Ellipta?

Answer 56

GSK (GlaxoSmithKline).

Question 57

Importance of inhaler dosage?

Answer 57

Ensures effective treatment.

Question 58

Duration of action for Combivent?

Answer 58

4-6 hours.

Question 59

Describe Incruse Ellipta?

Answer 59

LAMA for once-daily COPD maintenance.

Question 60

Key components of Combivent?

Answer 60

Combination of ipratropium and salbutamol.

Question 61

Mr. Parker's COPD impact?

Answer 61

Breathlessness limits daily activities.

Question 62

Mr. Parker's symptoms?

Answer 62

Breathlessness, yellow sputum, intermittent wheezing.

Question 63

Mr. Parker's smoking significance?

Answer 63

10 cigarettes/day is a risk factor.

Question 64

Mr. Parker's exacerbations?

Answer 64

Three exacerbations in the past year.

Question 65

Treatments for Mr. Parker's exacerbations?

Answer 65

Managed with antibiotics, steroids, salbutamol.

Question 66

Mr. Parker's emotional response?

Answer 66

Anxiety about leaving home due to breathlessness.

Question 67

Mr. Parker's age and status?

Answer 67

60-year-old widowed man.

Question 68

Mr. Parker's main complaint?

Answer 68

Breathlessness after moderate exertion.

Question 69

Mr. Parker's sputum?

Answer 69

Yellow sputum, most noticeable in mornings.

Question 70

Mr. Parker's examination findings?

Answer 70

BMI 22, elevated respiratory rate, accessory muscle use.

Question 71

Management of Mr. Parker's AECOPD?

Answer 71

Includes oxygen, Prednisolone, Levofloxacin, inhalers.

Question 72

Priority nursing diagnosis for Mr. Parker?

Answer 72

Impaired gas exchange due to AECOPD.

Question 73

Nursing care plan components?

Answer 73

Assessment, medication administration, monitoring, education.

Question 74

Mr. Parker's medication regimen?

Answer 74

Includes Prednisolone, Levofloxacin, inhalers.

Question 75

Patient teaching for Mr. Parker?

Answer 75

Importance of medication adherence and recognizing exacerbation signs.

Question 76

Evaluating treatment effectiveness?

Answer 76

Monitor respiratory status and symptom improvement.

Question 77

Primary goals of COPD care?

Answer 77

Prevent progression, reduce exacerbations, improve quality of life.

Question 78

Possible nursing diagnoses for COPD?

Answer 78

Ineffective breathing pattern, ineffective airway clearance.

Question 79

Body position effects in COPD?

Answer 79

Can inhibit lung expansion and lead to fatigue.

Question 80

Define ineffective breathing pattern?

Answer 80

Inadequate breathing for oxygenation needs.

Question 81

Symptoms of ineffective airway clearance?

Answer 81

Wheezing, coughing, difficulty expectorating.

Question 82

Nursing interventions for exercise tolerance?

Answer 82

Develop exercise programs, educate on energy conservation.

Question 83

Significance of smoking cessation?

Answer 83

Prevents disease progression, improves health.

Question 84

Role of exacerbations in COPD management?

Answer 84

Increased morbidity and mortality risk.

Question 85

Assessing COPD treatment effectiveness?

Answer 85

Monitor symptoms, exacerbation frequency, PFTs.

Question 86

Nursing diagnosis for ineffective airway clearance?

Answer 86

Related to excessive mucus and ineffective cough.

Question 87

Identifying impaired gas exchange?

Answer 87

Alveolar hypoventilation evidenced by low oxygen levels.

Question 88

Nursing diagnosis for imbalanced nutrition?

Answer 88

Related to insufficient dietary intake.

Question 89

Factors for disturbed sleep pattern?

Answer 89

Nonrestorative sleep due to dyspnea.

Question 90

Risk factors for infection in COPD?

Answer 90

Insufficient knowledge, smoking, malnutrition.

Question 91

Components of collaborative therapy?

Answer 91

Includes airway clearance, hydration, medication adherence.

Question 92

Physiological effects of nicotine?

Answer 92

Increases blood pressure, heart rate, stimulates CNS.

Question 93

Define Nicotine Replacement Therapy?

Answer 93

Treatment to help quit smoking by providing nicotine.

Question 94

Significance of smoking cessation?

Answer 94

Most effective intervention for health outcomes.

Question 95

Collaborative approach to smoking cessation?

Answer 95

Includes screening, medication, support systems.

Question 96

Effects of nicotine on CNS?

Answer 96

Stimulates CNS, increasing alertness.

Question 97

Techniques in pulmonary rehabilitation?

Answer 97

Breathing exercises, medication education.

Question 98

Role of vaccines in respiratory health?

Answer 98

Prevent respiratory infections.

Question 99

Surgical considerations for severe respiratory conditions?

Answer 99

May include lung transplantation.

Question 100

Adequate hydration for respiratory health?

Answer 100

Maintains mucus clearance and lung function.