WEEK 2 Stroke 1

Question 1

What are the two major arteries that supply blood to the brain?

Answer 1

Internal Carotid Arteries and Vertebral Arteries

Question 2

What forms the Circle of Willis?

Answer 2

Anterior Circle of Willis and Posterior Circle of Willis

Question 3

What arteries are formed by the internal carotid arteries?

Answer 3

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) and Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

Question 4

What does the posterior circulation of the Circle of Willis consist of?

Answer 4

Basilar Artery and Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA)

Question 5

What is the function of the Circle of Willis?

Answer 5

Protects the brain via collateral circulation

Question 6

What areas does the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) supply?

Answer 6

Medial and superior parts of the frontal lobe and anterior parietal lobe

Question 7

What does the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) supply?

Answer 7

Lateral cerebral surface, internal capsule, and basal ganglia

Question 8

What is the role of the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)?

Answer 8

Supplies the occipital lobe and inferomedial surface of the temporal lobe

Question 9

What does the Basilar Artery supply?

Answer 9

All of the brain stem and the cerebellum

Question 10

Define stroke.

Answer 10

Disruption of blood supply to the brain resulting in sudden and lasting neurological deficits

Question 11

What is a transient ischaemic attack (TIA)?

Answer 11

Temporary disruption in blood supply to part of the brain with symptoms similar to a stroke

Question 12

What percentage of strokes are ischaemic?

Answer 12

85%

Question 13

What are the two types of stroke?

Answer 13

Ischaemic and Haemorrhagic

Question 14

List the types of strokes according to the Bamford/Oxford Classification.

Answer 14

• Total Anterior Circulation Stroke (TACS)
• Partial Anterior Circulation Stroke (PACS)
• Lacunar Stroke (LACS)
• Posterior Circulation Stroke (POCS)

Question 15

What are the symptoms of Total Anterior Circulation Stroke (TACS)?

Answer 15

• Unilateral weakness of face, arm, and leg
• Homonymous hemianopia
• Higher cerebral dysfunction

Question 16

What is the main cause of ischaemic strokes?

Answer 16

Occlusion of the blood vessels in the brain

Question 17

What are the common types of occlusions causing ischaemic strokes?

Answer 17

• Atheroma
• Thrombosis
• Embolism

Question 18

What percentage of strokes are haemorrhagic?

Answer 18

15%

Question 19

Define intracranial haemorrhage (ICH).

Answer 19

Bleeding on the brain

Question 20

What is thrombolysis?

Answer 20

Clot busting drug given to patients with ischaemic stroke to restore blood flow

Question 21

What is the time frame for administering thrombolysis?

Answer 21

Within 4 hours of onset

Question 22

What is thrombectomy?

Answer 22

Clot removal with a catheter guided to the site of the clot

Question 23

What is carotid endarterectomy?

Answer 23

Treatment of Carotid Artery Stenosis by removing plaque build-up

Question 24

What should be done urgently for patients admitted with intracranial haemorrhage?

Answer 24

• Anticoagulant reversed
• Blood pressure lowered

Question 25

What is the purpose of secondary prevention in stroke management?

Answer 25

Reviewing risk factors and providing treatment to prevent further strokes

Question 26

What do national clinical guidelines for stroke cover?

Answer 26

All areas of stroke care from ambulance response to end of life care

Question 27

True or False: Stroke is a medical emergency.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a medical emergency that requires urgent brain imaging.

Answer 28

Stroke

Question 29

What is the risk associated with thrombolysis?

Answer 29

Can cause bleeding anywhere in the body