WEEK 2 Stroke 2 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the common clinical features of stroke?
Hemiplegia, sensory deficit, ataxia, dysarthria, dysphasia, reduced attention, homonymous hemianopia, dysphagia, dizziness, reduced memory.
These symptoms can vary in severity and may occur in combination.
What are the factors affecting recovery post stroke?
Size and location of stroke, pre-morbid status, patient motivation, patient insight, patient engagement, nutrition and hydration, environment, therapy, age.
These factors can significantly influence rehabilitation outcomes.
What is neuroplasticity?
The brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.
Neuroplasticity is crucial for recovery after neurological injuries such as stroke.
What produces muscle tone?
Neural factors, active contraction, reflex contraction, mechanical factors, physical inertia of limb, viscoelastic properties of the muscle, thixotropy.
Muscle tone is the readiness of a muscle at rest and its resistance to passive movement.
What is hypotonicity?
Diminished resistance to passive movement, often caused by CNS or PNS lesions.
It can result in low tone, flaccidity, and weakness.
What is hypertonicity?
Increased resistance to passive movement, usually caused by damage to the CNS.
It can manifest as spasticity, rigidity, and dystonia.
What is the difference between primary and secondary muscle weakness post stroke?
Primary muscle weakness is due to lack of innervation, while secondary weakness occurs due to muscle atrophy from lack of use.
Both types of weakness can significantly affect recovery.
What are the signs and symptoms of dysarthria?
Slurred speech due to impaired control of the muscles used for speech.
It can vary from mild to severe.
What types of stroke are classified by underlying pathology?
Ischaemic, haemorrhagic.
This classification helps in understanding the causes of stroke.
Fill in the blank: Muscle tone is often referred to as ‘a state of readiness in a muscle at rest’ or ‘the _______ to passive movement’.
resistance
What are the types of sensory impairments that can occur after a stroke?
Impaired cutaneous sensation, impaired stereognosis, impaired proprioceptive awareness, visual field deficits (homonymous hemianopia, quadrantanopia).
Sensory impairments can significantly affect daily functioning.
What are the cognitive symptoms that can occur post stroke?
Perceptual problems, dyspraxia, memory issues, inattention, lack of insight, processing problems.
Cognitive impairments can complicate rehabilitation efforts.
What is the role of the primary motor cortex?
It is responsible for planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements.
Damage to this area can lead to motor deficits.
True or False: Sensory and motor systems work in isolation.
False
What is ataxia?
Reduced coordination resulting from neurological impairment.
It can lead to balance problems and loss of normal movement patterns.
What is the significance of the CST (Corticospinal Tract)?
It is involved in transmitting motor signals from the brain to the spinal cord, facilitating voluntary movement.
It consists of both excitatory and inhibitory descending tracts.
What is expressive dysphasia?
Difficulty in expressing words due to damage to Broca’s area.
This can range from mild to very severe.
What is receptive dysphasia?
Difficulty in understanding speech due to damage to Wernicke’s area in the temporal lobe.
Like expressive dysphasia, its severity can vary widely.
