Week 22 #1

Question 1

Agreeableness

Answer 1

• A personality trait that reflects a person’s tendency to be compassionate, cooperative, warm, and caring to others
• opposite: antagonism

Question 2

Conscientiousness

Answer 2

• A personality trait that reflects a person’s tendency to be careful, organized, hardworking, and to follow rules
• opposite: Disinhibition

Question 3

Continuous distributions

Answer 3

The idea that one does not simply have the trait or not have it but can possess varying amounts of it.

Question 4

Extraversion

Answer 4

• A personality trait that reflects a person’s tendency to be sociable, outgoing, active, and assertive.
• opposite: introversion

Question 5

Facets

Answer 5

when broad personality traits can be broken down into narrower aspects of the trait

Question 6

Factor analysis

Answer 6

A statistical technique for grouping similar things together according to how highly they are associated

Question 7

HEXACO model

Answer 7

• includes six traits, five of which are variants of the traits included in the Big Five
• Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness and Honesty-Humility

Question 8

Five-Factor Model

Answer 8

• Five broad domains or dimensions that are used to describe human personality
• Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism

Question 9

Independent

Answer 9

Two characteristics or traits are separate from one another

Question 10

Lexical hypothesis

Answer 10

the idea that the most important differences between people will be encoded in the language that we use to describe people

Question 11

Neuroticism

Answer 11

• A personality trait that reflects the tendency to be interpersonally sensitive and the tendency to experience negative emotions like anxiety, fear, sadness, and anger.
• opposite: emotional stability

Question 12

Openness to Experience

Answer 12

• A personality trait that reflects a person’s tendency to seek out and appreciate new things, including thoughts, feelings, values, and experiences
• opposite: closedness/conventionality

Question 13

Person-situation debate

Answer 13

a historical debate about the relative power of personality traits as compared to situational influences on behavior

Question 14

Personality traits

Answer 14

• reflect basic dimensions on which people differ
• Each individual falls somewhere on each dimension of a personality trait which means they could be low, medium or high on any specific trait

Question 15

Absolute stability

Answer 15

Consistency in the level or amount of a personality attribute over time

Question 16

Active person–environment transactions

Answer 16

The interplay between individuals and their contextual circumstances that occurs whenever individuals play a key role in seeking out, selecting, or otherwise manipulating aspects of their environment

Question 17

Age effects

Answer 17

Differences in personality between groups of different ages that are related to maturation and development instead of birth cohort differences

Question 18

Attrition

Answer 18

connection between personality attributes and aspects of the environment that occurs because individuals with particular traits drop out from certain environments

Question 19

Birth cohort

Answer 19

Individuals born in a particular year or span of time

Question 20

Cohort effects

Answer 20

Differences in personality that are related to historical and social factors unique to individuals born in a particular year

Question 21

Cross-sectional study/design

Answer 21

A research design that uses a group of individuals with different ages (and birth cohorts) assessed at a single point in time

Question 22

Differential stability

Answer 22

Consistency in the rank-ordering of personality across two or more measurement occasions

Question 23

Evocative person-environment transactions

Answer 23

The interplay between individuals and their contextual circumstances that occurs whenever attributes of the individual draw out particular responses from others in their environment