Week 3 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Behavior
a persons interaction with the environment
a persons interaction with the environment
Behavior
Experimental strategy of ABA is based on _____________ methods of analysis not large groups
single-subject
Behavior is a continuous phenomena it…
changes over time and requires continuous measurement over time
The occurrence of any event is _______ by the functional relations it holds to other events
determined
Behavior is a natural phenomenon and subject to the same ______ ____ as other natural phenomena
natural laws
Variability is the result of environmental influence such as…
the independent variable under investigation
some uncontrolled aspect of the environment
uncontrolled or unknown facto(s) outside of the experiment
- both are confounds (source of bias)
Purpose and benefits of graphs
- immediately plotting data on graph gives immediate information of the behavior
- researcher can see interesting variations in behavior as they occur
- they are judgmental aids (see what updates need to happen)
- conservative method for determining the significance of behavior change
- enable and encourage independent judgments and interpretations of the meaning and significance of behavior change
- provide feedback
- facilitate the communication and comprehension of behavior change among a wide variety of recipients
line graph
most common in ABA
each point on a line graph shows the level of some quantifiable dimension of the target behavior (dependent variable) in relation to a specified point in time and/or environmental condition (independent variable)
most common in ABA
each point on a line graph shows the level of some quantifiable dimension of the target behavior (dependent variable) in relation to a specified point in time and/or environmental condition (independent variable)
line graph
bar graph
they sacrifice the presentation of the variability and trends in data in exchange for the efficiency of summarizing and comparing large amounts of data in a simple, easy-to-interpret format
used to summarize the performance of a participant or group of participants during different conditions
they sacrifice the presentation of the variability and trends in data in exchange for the efficiency of summarizing and comparing large amounts of data in a simple, easy-to-interpret format
used to summarize the performance of a participant or group of participants during different conditions
bar graph
cumulative records
a device that automatically draws a graph of a subject’s rate of behavior
the steeper the slope, the higher the response rate
a device that automatically draws a graph of a subject’s rate of behavior
cumulative records
the steeper the slope, the higher the response rate
overall response rate
the average rate of response over a given time period
the average rate of response over a given time period
overall response rate
local response rate
the rate of response during periods smaller than that for which an overall rate has been given
the rate of response during periods smaller than that for which an overall rate has been given
local response rate
4 times a cumulative graph may be preferable to a noncumlative:
- when the total number of responses emitted over time is important or when progress toward a specific goal can be measured in cumulative units of behavior
- when used as a source of feedback for clients (easy to visually see)
- when the target behavior can occur or not occur just once per observation session
- reveal the intricate relations between behavior and environmental variables
Ratio Charts
equal vertical distances correspond to equal ratios of change in the variable being measured.
only the vertical axis has a ratio scaling
they detect relative behavior change as opposed to absolute change
e.g. response rate from 4 to 8 per minute would appear the same as a doubling of 50 to 100 responses per minute
equal vertical distances correspond to equal ratios of change in the variable being measured.
Ratio Charts
standard celeration chart
used to provide a standardized means of charting and analyzing how frequency of behavior changes over time
standard ratio chart with six x 10 cycles on the verticals axis that can accommodate response rates as low as 1 per 24 hours or as high as 1000 per minute
they are expressed with a multiplication or division sign
e.g. x2, celeration is doubling in frequency per celeration period
Scatterplot
a graphic display that shows the relative distribution of individual measures in a data set with respect to the variables depicted by the x and y axes.
Constructing Line Graphs
drawing, scaling, and labeling axes (do it accurately)
identify experimental conditions (like the phase changes or life events)
plot data points and draw data paths (connect the dots)
write figure caption (description of the graph)
print graph (only in black)
constructing graphs with computer software (just make sure they’re correct)
