Week 5 Flashcards
(23 cards)
reversal design
requires at least three consecutive phase
- A (baseline)
- B (treatment)
- A (removal of treatment)
Which reversal design is preferred?
ABAB
because it reintroduces the treatment
Also called withdrawal design
Withdrawal desgin
ABAB
Repeated Reversals
simple extension in which the independent variable is withdrawn and reintroduced once again
ABABAB
this just increases the likelihood that the change is from the treatment
BAB Design
begins with intervention
after stable responding is achieved, treatment is withdrawn
- if behavior worsens in treatment’s absence, the treatment variable is reintroduced in attempt to recapture the level of responding during the first treatment phase
This design is WEAKER in terms of functional relation
may be appropriate for physical harm or danger behaviors
multiple treatment reversal designs
its reversal but with more treatments (C, D, etc.)
example: child pokes eye, did baseline, then music, removed music added video game, removed video game, added music, then video, then baseline, then video, then baseline, then video
sequence effects
the effects on a subject’s behavior in a given condition that are influenced by the subject’s experience with a prior condition
ex: doing ABCBC design, if we continue to go back and forth with treatment B and C, we can only speak knowingly about the effects of C when it follows B.
to combat this, reintroduced BASELINE before implementing C (ABACAC sequence)
the effects on a subject’s behavior in a given condition that are influenced by the subject’s experience with a prior condition
sequence effects
Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCR) reversal technique
this is about enriching the environment and not with any stimulus or requiring behavior
Good to use when it is no possible or appropriate to eliminate compltely the event or activity used as a contingen reinforcement
Weakness: high rates of teh desired behaivor has been produced during the preceding contingent reinforcemetn phasee
DRO Reversal Technique
deliver reinforcement immediately following the subjects performance of any behavior other than the target behavior
the control condition consists of delivering the event suspected of functioning as reinforcement following the emission of any behavior other than the target behavior
deliver reinforcement immediately following the subjects performance of any behavior other than the target behavior
DRO Reversal Technique
DRI/DRA Reversal Technique
behavior that is either INCOMPATIBLE with the target or an ALTERNATIVE to that target behavior are immediately followed by the same consequence previously delivered as contingent reinforcement for the target behavior
behavior that is either INCOMPATIBLE with the target or an ALTERNATIVE to that target behavior are immediately followed by the same consequence previously delivered as contingent reinforcement for the target behavior
DRI/DRA Reversal Technique
Considering the Appropriateness of the Reversal Design
Advantage: ability to provide a clear demonstration of teh existence (or absence) of a functioanl relation between the independent and dependent variable
Quantifies teh baseline
Return to baseline shows need for intervention
Potential scientific and social DISADVANTAGES:
- irreversibility
- social, education and ethical concerns related to withdrawing a seemingly effective intervention (do short return to baseline, like 3 or four sessions)
Multielement design
an experimental design that will quickly reveal the most effective treatment among several possible approaches
two or more conditions are presented in rapidly alternating succession independent of the level of responding; differences in responding between or among conditions are attributed to the effects of the conditions
two or more conditions are presented in rapidly alternating succession independent of the level of responding; differences in responding between or among conditions are attributed to the effects of the conditions
Multielement design
operation and logic of multielement design
rapid alteration between two or more distinct treatment
different interventions are manipualted independent of the level ofr responding
to aid in in discrimminating wehich treatment condition is in effect for the subject, use a distinct stimuli with each treatment
the different treatments can be alteranted in a variety ofo wasy
- daily, sessionly, blah
the three compmonents of steady stsate strategy are found in the alternating treatments design
- ends up being the predicdtion, verficiation, and replilcation thingy
experimenal control is determined by visual inspection of tehh diffrence between or among the data paths
single-phase multielement design
the effects of two or more treatmetn conditions are compared is the most basic application of the multielement design
primary experimental tool for conducting functional analyses of problem behavior
a no-treatment condition is often incorporated into the design as one of the treatmetns to be compared
two-phase design: baseline and comparison
baseline measures are colleted until a stable level of responding or countertherapeutic trend is obtained prior to the alternating treatmetn phase
teh baseline condition may be continued during the treatments comparison phase as a no-treatment contorl condition
a variation of the multielement design for comparing the efficiecny of insturcitonal procedures they called the adapted alternating treatmemtns design
three-phase design: baseline, comparison, and best treatment
another widely used variation, has three phses
an initial baseline phase
comparig two or more alternaitng treatment phase
final pahse in which the most effective treatmetns is administered
concurrent chains (or schedule) design
which particpants choose between two or more concurrently available treatmetns
participatns are presentewd with two or more response options
- each option is associated with a distinctive discriminative stimulus and leads to a different set of treatment procedures
advantages of multielement design
treatment withdrawal not required
allows rapid comparison
minimizes irreversibility problem
minimizes sequence effects
accommodates unstable data
reveals generalization of effects
intervention can begin immediately
considering the aoppropriateness of the multielemtn design
multiple treatmetn interference
- the confounding effects of one treatment on a subject’s behavior being influenced by the effects of another treatment administered in the same study
- must always be suspected int eh multielement design
unnatural nature of rapidly alternating treatments
- rapid isn’t reflective of natural environment
- concern of whither participants might suffer detrimental effects from the rapid alternation of conditions is an empirical question
limited capacity
- it is not an open-ended design
- in most situations a maximum of four different condtions can be compared effectivity within a given phase of an alternating treatetns desgin
