Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology > Week 3- Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Week 3- Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Nerve that carries nerve impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system, also known as afferent neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Weblike middle membrane of meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

A motor neuron disease that causes muscle weakness in a limb or the muscles of the mouth and throat, gradually all muscles under voluntary control are affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Progressive disease with degeneration of nerve endings in the cortex of the brain that block the signals that pass between nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Arachnid cysts

A

Benign lesions that occur as a result of the splitting of the arachnoid layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Associative neurons

A

Carries messages from sensory neuron to motor neuron, also called interneuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brain tumors

A

A mass or growth of abnormal cells in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Axons

A

Nerve call structure that carries impulses away from cell bodies to dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Brain stem

A

Portion of brain other than cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Collection of nerves, ganglia, and plexuses through which visceral organs, heart, blood vessels, glands, and smooth (involuntary) muscles receive stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

Choroid plexus capillaries in the brain differ in their selective permeability, thus, drugs carried in the bloodstream may not penetrate the brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Central nervous system

A

Consists of the structures of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

A narrow canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cerebral palsy (CP)

A

A disturbance in voluntary muscle action for to brain damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cerebral ventricles

A

Four lines cavities within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

A layer of gray matter covering the upper and lower surfaces of the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

A substance that forms within the four brain ventricles from the blood vessels of the choroid plexus, this serves as a shock absorber to protect the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cerebellum

A

Structure of the brain behind the pons and below the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cerebrum

A

The largest part of the brain behind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dendrites

A

Nerve cell processes that carries nervous impulses toward the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Contrecoup

A

A head injury that occurs beneath the skull opposite to the area of impact, also called a counterblow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Concussion

A

Severe blow to the head, may cause temporary loss of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Choroid plexus

A

The network of blood vessels of the pia mater found in the brains ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Coup

A

A head injury that occurs within the skull near the point of impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Dementia
Loss in at least two areas of complex behavior
26
Diencephalon
Posterior part of the brain, contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
27
Dura mater
Fibrous membrane forming the outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord
28
Encephalocele
A condition in which the brain is exposed to the outside instead of being covered by the skull and skin
29
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain
30
Efferent neurons
Carries messages from brain to spinal cord to muscles and glands, also called efferent neuron
31
Epilepsy
Seizure disorder
32
Essential tremor
A nerve disorder causing tremors to occur in a person who is moving or trying to move, not usually associated with Parkinson’s disease
33
Hematoma
Localized clotted mass of blood formed in an organ, tissue, or space
34
Fourth ventricle
A structure of the brain situated below the third ventricle, in front of the cerebellum, and behind the pons and medulla oblongata
35
Frontal lobe
In the cerebral cortex, it controls the motor function
36
Glial cells
Nerve cell, sometimes referred to as “nerve glue”
37
Gyri
Convulsions in the brain between the sulci
38
Hydrocephalus
Increase in volume of cerebrospinal fluid within the cerebral ventricles. May occur in fetal development
39
Hypothalamus
Part of the diencephalon, lies below the thalamus and is the “brain” of the brain
40
Interneurons
Carries messages from sensory neuron to motor neuron. Also called interneuron
41
Lateral ventricles
The two largest cerebral ventricles
42
Integration
Stimuli that are received by sensory organs and then processed by the nervous system
43
Interventricular foramen
The area that connects the third ventricle of the brain to the two lateral ventricles
44
Limbic lobe
Located in the center of the brain beneath the other four cerebral lobes, influences unconscious, instinctive behavior
45
Membrane excitability
Ability to carry impulses by creating electric charges
46
Medulla oblongata
Part of the brain stem, contains the nuclei for vital functions
47
Lumbar puncture
Removal of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes by insertion of a needle between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae
48
Memory
Process by which the brain stores old information and packages and stores new information
49
Meninges
And of three linings enclosing the brain and spinal cord
50
Meningitis
Inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord
51
Motor neurons
Carries messages from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, also called efferent neuron
52
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Chronic inflammatory disease in which the immune cells attack the myelin sheath of a nerve
53
Motor neuron diseases (MND)
Conditions that cause the nervous system to lose function over time
54
Motor response
Motor nerves response to stimuli via the CNS
55
Myelin sheath
Covering the axon of the neuron, providing electrical insulation and increasing the velocity of impulse transmission
56
Neuroglia
A network of cells that insulate, support, and protect the nerves of the central nervous system
57
Occipital lobe
Part of the cerebrum that houses the visual area
58
Neuron
Nerve call, including its processes
59
Nystagmus
Rapid, involuntary movement of the eyeball
60
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower extremities caused by severe injury to the spinal cord in the thoracic or lumbar region, resulting in the loss of sensory organs motor control below the area of injury
61
Neurotransmitters
A chemical substance that makes it possible for messages to cross the synapse of a neuron to a target receptor
62
Parietal lobe
Division of the cerebrum that lies beneath the parietal bone, interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors
63
Pia mater
Innermost vascular covering of the brain and spinal cord
64
Parkinson’s disease
Condition characterized by marked tremors, may be due to a decrease in the amount of the neurotransmitter dopamine
65
Poliomyelitis
Contagious viral disease of the nerve of the spinal cord, rarely seen because of polio vaccines
66
Peripheral nervous system
Made up of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
67
Pons
Part of the brain stem, pathway for nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the nervous system
68
Sensory neurons
Nerve that carries nerve impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system, also known as afferent neuron
69
Sensation
External stimuli received by one of the sense organs
70
Quadriplegia
Follows severe trauma to the spinal cord below the C1-C4 vertebrae in which there is loss of movement of all four extremities with the accompanying loss of bowel, bladder, and sexual function
71
Spastic quadriplegia
Spastic paralysis of all four limbs
72
Sulci
Fissures or grooves separating cerebral convulsions
73
Spina bifida
A malformation of the vertebral bones and skin surrounding the spine that leads to serious infections, bladder and bowel dysfunction, hydrocephalus, and paralysis
74
Spinal cord
Part of the central nervous system within the spinal column, begins at the foramen magnum of occipital bone and continues to the second lumbar vertebra
75
Synapse
Space between adjacent neurons through which an impulse is transmitted
76
Thalamus
Part of the diencephalon, relays sensory stimuli to the cerebral cortex
77
Temporal lobe
Part of the cerebral hemisphere associated with the perception and interpretation of sound
78
Third ventricle
A cavity in which the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Located behind and below the lateral ventricles
79
Synaptic cleft
Space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another
80
Tethered cord syndrome
When the spinal cord is abnormally attached to the surrounding tissue
81
West Nile virus (WNV)
A mosquito borne virus that most often has no symptoms or mild, flulike symptoms
82
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
A motor neuron disease that causes muscle weakness in a limb or the muscles of the mouth and throat, gradually all the muscles under voluntary control are affected

SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions