Week 1- Chapter 3

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

Chemical compound that ionizes to form hydrogen ions (H +) in aqueous solution

Question 2

Acidosis

Answer 2

A disruption in the acid-base balance where the body becomes too acidic

Question 3

Amino acids

Answer 3

Small molecular units that make up protein molecules

Question 4

Alkali

Answer 4

A substance that, when dissolved in water, ionizes into negatively charged hydroxide (OH) ions and positively charged ions of a metal

Question 5

Atom

Answer 5

Smallest piece of an element

Question 6

Alkalosis

Answer 6

A disruption in the acid-base balance where the body becomes too alkaline

Question 7

Base

Answer 7

Chemical compound yielding hydroxide (OH-) in an aqueous solution, which will react with acid to form a salt and water

Question 8

Buffer

Answer 8

A compound that maintains a chemical balance in a living organism

Question 9

Chemistry

Answer 9

Study of the structure of matter and the composition of substances, their properties, and their chemical reactions

Question 10

Carbohydrates

Answer 10

An organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as sugar or starch

Question 11

Chemical bonds

Answer 11

Bond formed when atoms share or combine their electrons with atoms of other elements

Question 12

Cholesterol

Answer 12

A steroid normally synthesized in the liver and also ingested in egg yolks, animal fats, and tissues

Question 13

Compounds

Answer 13

Elements combined in definite proportion by weight to form a substance

Question 14

Covalent bond

Answer 14

Chemical bond in which atoms share electrons to fill their outermost shell

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

A nucleic acid containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, genetic material

Question 16

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 16

Occurs when water is removed from a molecule. The molecule fuses together and a new substance is formed during the anabolic process

Question 17

Dehydrated

Answer 17

An abnormal depletion of body fluids

Question 18

Disaccharide

Answer 18

Double sugar formed from two monosaccharide molecules

Question 19

Electrolytes

Answer 19

Broken down parts of a compound that help determine acid-base balance where

Question 20

Energy

Answer 20

Ability to do work

Question 21

Electrons

Answer 21

A subatomic particle of an atom that is arranged around the nucleus in orbital zones or electron shells, an electron has a negative (-) charge

Question 22

Element

Answer 22

Made up of like atoms, substance that can neither be created nor destroyed

Question 23

Enzymes

Answer 23

Organic catalysts that initiate and accelerate a chemical reaction

Question 24

Extracellular fluid

Answer 24

Fluid that bathes the cell and transports nutrients in and out of the cell

Question 25

Fats

Answer 25

Compound made up of glycerol and fatty acids

Question 26

Glycogen

Answer 26

The form of glucose that is stored in liver and muscle cells

Question 27

Hydrolysis

Answer 27

Occurs when water is added to the molecule to break down larger molecules in a catabolic reaction

Question 28

Hydroxide

Answer 28

One atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen

Question 29

Hydrogen bond

Answer 29

Bond that holds water molecules together by forming a bridge between the negative oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive hydrogen atom of another molecule

Question 30

Intracellular fluid

Answer 30

Fluid within the cell

Question 31

Ion

Answer 31

An electrically charged atom

Question 32

Lipids

Answer 32

Fatty molecules

Question 33

Isotopes

Answer 33

Atoms of a specific element that have the same number of protons but a different number of nuetrons

Question 34

Kinetic energy

Answer 34

Work resulting in motion

Question 35

Ionic bond

Answer 35

Bond in which one atom gives up an electron to another atom

Question 36

Matter

Answer 36

Anything that has weight and occupies space

Question 37

Neutralization

Answer 37

Process in which an acid and a base combine to form a salt and water

Question 38

Monosaccharides

Answer 38

Simple sugar that cannot be broken down anymore

Question 39

Molecule

Answer 39

The smallest unit of a compound that still has the properties of the compound

Question 40

Multicellular

Answer 40

Many celled

Question 41

Neutrons

Answer 41

A subatomic particle of an atom that, with a proton, makes up the nucleus of the atom, a neutron has no electric charge

Question 42

Nucleic acids

Answer 42

Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (DNA, RNA)

Question 43

pH scale

Answer 43

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Question 44

Organic catalyst

Answer 44

A substance that affects the rate of speed of a chemical reaction without itself being changed

Question 45

Organic compounds

Answer 45

Compound that contains the element carbon

Question 46

Phospholipids

Answer 46

Fats that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus

Question 47

Polysaccharides

Answer 47

A complex sugar made of many bonded glucose molecules

Question 48

Potential energy

Answer 48

Energy stored in cells waiting to be released

Question 49

Protons

Answer 49

A subatomic particle of an atom with a positive (+) charge, with neutrons, it makes up the nucleus of the atom

Question 50

Proteins

Answer 50

An organic compound containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and most times, phosphorus and sulfur. Protein is necessary to build and repair body tissue

Question 51

Protein synthesis

Answer 51

Production of protein by the cells that are essential to life.

Question 52

Radioactive

Answer 52

Capable of emitting energy in the form of radiation

Question 53

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer 53

Type of nucleic acid

Question 54

Unicellular

Answer 54

Composed of one cell

Question 55

Steroids

Answer 55

Lipids or fats that contain cholesterol