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SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology > Week 2- Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Week 2- Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from midline or axis of the body, opposite of adduction

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2
Q

Acetabulum

A

Area where the three bones of the hip unite to form a deep socket into which the head of the femur fits to form the hip joint

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3
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Partially movable joint (Ex: symphysis pubis)

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4
Q

Adduction

A

Movement or part of the body or a limb toward the midline of body, opposite of abduction

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5
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Thin layer of cartilage over the ends of long bones

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6
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Part of skeleton consisting of pectoral and pelvic girdles and limbs

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7
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of a joint

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8
Q

Atlas

A

First cervical vertebra, articulates with the axis and occipital skull bone

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9
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skeleton of head and trunk

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10
Q

Axis

A

Second cervical vertebra, forms a pivot for the atlas

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11
Q

Bursae

A

Closed sacs with a synovial membrane lining, found in the spaces of connective tissue between muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bones

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12
Q

Bone marrow

A

Fat storage center in the medullary cavity

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13
Q

Bone cancer

A

Bone cancer

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14
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Joint that connects a ball shaped bone with a concave bone that allows the greatest freedom of movement

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15
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa

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16
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone

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17
Q

Cancellous bone

A

See spongey bone

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18
Q

Carpals

A

Bones of the wrist

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19
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of joint

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20
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

First seven bones of the spinal column

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21
Q

Clavicles

A

Collarbone

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22
Q

Closed/simple fracture

A

A fractured in which the bone is broken, but the broken ends do not pierce through the skin to form an external wound

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23
Q

Compact bone

A

Also known as hard bone, strong and light

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24
Q

Condyloid joints

A

Joint that allows for two degrees of movement

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25
Diaphysis
Shaft of a long bone
26
Coccyx
Tailbone
27
Comminuted fracture
A fracture that occurs when the bone is splintered or broken into many pieces that can become embedded into the surrounding tissue
28
Diarthroses
Movable joint (ex: knee, elbow)
29
Ethmoid
Bone of the cranium located between the eyes
30
Dislocation
Displacement of one or more bones of a joint or organ from the original position
31
Epiphysis
The end of a long bone
32
Extension
Act of increasing the angle between two bones
33
Endosteum
Lining of the medullary cavity in the long bone
34
Femur
Longest and strongest bone in the body, thigh bone
35
Fibula
Slender bone at outer edge of the lower leg
36
Flatfeet
Weakening of the leg muscles that support the arch of the foot, also called talipes
37
Flexion
The act of bending a limb or decreasing the angle between two bones
38
Fontanel
Unossified areas in the infant skull, soft spot
39
Gout
Increase in uric acid crystals in the bloodstream, which are deposited in joint cavities, especially the great toe
40
Frontal
Bone of the skull that forms the forehead
41
Fracture
A break in a bone
42
Gliding joints
Joint in which the nearly flat surfaces of the bones glide across each other (ex: vertebrae)
43
Greenstick fracture
Simplest form of fracture where the bones are partly bent, but it never completely separates
44
Hairline fracture
A tiny crack in the bone that typically occurs from overuse
45
Hinge joints
A joint that moves in one direction or plane
46
Humerus
The bone of the upper arm
47
Hyoid
A U-Shaped bone found in the neck to which the tongue is attached
48
Ilium
The broad, blade-shaped bone that forms the back and side of the hip bone
49
Joints
Place where two bones meet
50
Kyphosis
Hunchback, humped curvature of the spinal column
51
Ischium
Forms the lower posterior portion of the hipbone, bears the weight of the body when sitting
52
Lacrimals
Bones that make up the inner corner of eye orbits, contain tear ducts
53
Inferior concha
Bones that make up the sidewalls of the nasal cavity
54
Lordosis
Forward curvature of lumbar region of spine
55
Lumbar vertebrae
Five vertebrae associated with the lower part of the back
56
Maxillae
Bone of the upper jaw
57
Mandible
Lower jawbone
58
Manubrium
Forms the upper region of the sternum
59
Medullary cavity
Center of the shaft of a long bone
60
Metatarsal
Bone of the foot similar to the metacarpal, five metatarsals forms the arch of the foot
61
Obturator foramen
Large opening between the pubic bone and the ischium that allows for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and tendons
62
Menisci
The medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus of the knee
63
Metacarpal
Bone of the wrist
64
Nasal
Bone that forms the bridge of the nose
65
Occipital
Bone that forms the base of the skull and contains the foramen magnum
66
Ossification
Process of bone formation
67
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease
68
Open/compound fracture
The most serious type of fracture where the broken bone ends pierce and protrude through the skin
69
Osteoclasts
Cells involved in resorption of bony tissue
70
Osteoblasts
Cells involved in formation of bony tissue
71
Osteocytes
Bone cell
72
Osteosarcoma
Bone cancer
73
Palatines
1) tonsils located on the side of the soft palate. 2) bones that form hard palate of mouth
74
Osteoporosis
Loss of calcium in bone, causing brittleness, occurs mainly in females after menopause
75
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone
76
Parietals
Two bones that form the roof and sides of the skull
77
Patella
Kneecap
78
Pivot joints
Joint in which an extension of one bone rotates in a second, arch-shaped bone
79
Periosteum
Fibrous tissue covering the bone
80
Pelvis
Any basin-shaped structure or cavity
81
Phalanges
Bones of the fingers and toes
82
Pronation
Turning of the palm of the hand downward
83
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue and joints
84
Rickets
Disease in which bones soften due to a lack of vitamin D
85
Pubis
Pubic bone, portion of hipbone forming front of pelvis
86
Radius
Bone on the thumb side of the forearm
87
Rotation
Type of movement in which a bone moves around a central axis
88
Sacrum
Wedge-shaped bone below the lumbar vertebra at the end of the spinal column
89
Saddle joints
Joint that allows for movement back and fourth and side to side
90
Scapulae
Large, flat, triangular bone that forms the back of the shoulder
91
Sphenoid
The key bone that connects all the skull bones
92
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spine
93
Sternum
Flat, narrow bone in the median line in front of the chest, it is composed of three parts, manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
94
Spongy bone
The result of hard bone when it is broken down
95
Supination
Turning palm of hand upward
96
Spiral fracture
A type of fracture that occurs when the torque, a rotating force, is applied only on the axis of the bone, and the body is in motion while one extremity is firmly planted
97
Synarthroses
Immovable joints connected by fibrous connective tissue
98
Synovial fluid
A lubricating substance produced by the synovial membrane
99
Talus
Ankle bone that articulates with bones of the leg
100
Tarsal
Ankle bone
101
Temporal
Bones that form side of head and house ears
102
Thoracic vertebrae
The 12 bones of the spine located in the chest area
103
Vomer
Flat, thin bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum
104
Tibia
Larger, inner bone of the leg below the knee, shinbone
105
Whiplash injury
Trauma to cervical vertebrae
106
Transverse fracture
Fracture that occurs when the bone is perpendicular to its length
107
Ulna
Bone to inner forearm
108
Xiphoid process
Structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum
109
Complete fracture
A fracture that occurs when the bone breaks into separate pieces
110
Zygomatics
Bone that forms the prominence of the cheek
111
Colles fracture
Broken wrist
112
Impacted fracture
Compression fracture

SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology (11 decks)

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