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SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology > Week 3- Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Week 3- Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Acromegaly

A

Excess of growth hormone in adults. Overdevelopment of bones of the hand, face, and feet

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2
Q

Addisons disease

A

Hypofunction of the adrenal gland

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3
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Endocrine gland that sits on top of kidney, consists of cortex and medulla

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4
Q

Anterior pituitary lobe

A

Area of the pituitary gland that is responsible for the secretion of growth hormones

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5
Q

Androgens

A

Male precursor hormone converted into estrogen in females and other male hormones in males

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6
Q

Adrenaline

A

Hormone produced by the adrenal gland, a powerful cardiac stimulant, epinephrine

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7
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that prevents or suppresses urine excretion

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8
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Hormone that stimulates the growth and secretion of the adrenal cortex

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9
Q

Calcitonin

A

Hormone secreted by thyroid gland that controls calcium ion concentration in the body

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10
Q

Cretinism

A

Congenital and chronic condition due to the lack of thyroid hormone

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11
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

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12
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Condition that results when there is a drop in the amount of ADH hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary, which causes excessive loss of water and electrolytes

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13
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Condition that results when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin or is unable to produce enough insulin for the cells to use glucose

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14
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Organized groups of tissues that use materials from blood and lymph to make new compounds called hormones that are directly secreted into the bloodstream

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15
Q

Estrogen

A

Secretion of the ovary, female hormone

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16
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenaline, secretion of the adrenal medulla, which prepares the body for energetic action (fight or flight response)

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17
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

An adenohypophyseal hormone that stimulates follicular growth in the ovary, and stimulates production of sperm in the testis

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18
Q

Exocrine gland

A

Secretions from these glands must go through a duct to reach the body surface or organ

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19
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Abnormal protrusion of the eyes

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20
Q

Gigantism

A

Hypersecretion of the growth hormone, overgrowth of long bones

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21
Q

Ghrelin

A

Hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates appetite

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22
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone that stimulates the liver to change glycogen into glucose

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23
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

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24
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Hormones of the adrenal cortex, namely, cortisone and cortisol

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25
Growth hormone (GH)
Hormone responsible for growth and development, also known as somatotropin
26
Hormones
Chemical secretion, usually from an endocrine gland
27
Gonads
Sex glands (ovaries or testes)
28
Hyperglycemia
High concentration of glucose in the blood
29
Hyperthyroidism
Condition of overactivity of the thyroid gland
30
Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)
A hormone that stimulates the growth of the Graafian follicle and the production of estrogen in females and the production of sperm in males
31
Hypoglycemia
Low concentration of glucose in the blood
32
Hypothyroidism
Condition of underactivity of the thyroid gland
33
Insulin
Hormone produced by the pancreas, necessary for glucose metabolism
34
Islets of langerhans
Specialized cells in the pancreas that produce insulin
35
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
Hormone produced by intermediate pituitary lobe, stimulates melanin cells in the skin
36
Melatonin
Hormone produced by the pineal gland
37
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Hormone that stimulates ovulation and the production of progesterone in females
38
Leptin
Hormone produced by adipose tissue that acts on the hypothalamus to suppress appetite
39
Mieralocorticoids
Hormones of the adrenal cortex, mainly aldosterone
40
Myxedema
Hypofunction of the thyroid gland
41
Norepinephrine
Hormone that acts as a vasoconstrictor
42
Negative feedback
Occurs in the hormonal system, when there is a drop in the blood level of a specific hormone, the drop triggers a chain reaction of responses to increase the amount of hormone in the blood
43
Neurohormones
A hormone produced by the neurons in the hypothalamus that are secreted into the bloodstream
44
Oxytocin
Hormone released during childbirth to cause strong contractions of the uterus
45
Oxytocin
Hormone released during childbirth to cause strong contractions of the uterus
46
Pancreas
Organ of digestion that lies behind the stomach, produces digestive juices, insulin, and glucagon
47
Parathormone
Hormone that controls the concentration of calcium in the bloodstream
48
Pineal gland
Located in the third ventricle of the brain, produces melatonin
49
Pheochromocytoma
Tumor of the adrenal glands that causes excessive secretion of epinephrine, which may be fatal
50
Parathyroid glands
Four small endocrine glands embedded in the thyroid gland, they secrete parathormone
51
Pituitary gland
A small gland located in the sphenoid bone in the cranium, its hormones affect all other glandular activity, called the master gland
52
Pituitary short stature
A condition where growth of the long bones is abnormally decreased due to an inadequate production of growth hormone, formerly known as dwarfism
53
Polyuria
Excessive urination
54
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst
55
Polyphasic
Excessive hunger
56
Posterior pituitary lobe
Lobe that stores the hormones produced by the hypothalamus
57
Progesterone
Steroid hormone secreted by the ovaries from the corpus luteum to help maintain pregnancy
58
Prolactin hormone (PR)
Hormone that develops breast tissue and stimulates the production of milk after childbirth
59
Testosterone
Male sex hormone responsible for male secondary sex characteristics
60
Prostaglandins
Hormones secreted by various tissues, their function depends on which tissue they are excreted from
61
Somatotropin
Growth hormone
62
Tetany
A condition in which severely decreased levels of calcium affect the normal function of nerves
63
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Hormone that serves to regulate body systems
64
Thyroxine (T4)
Hormone secreted by thyroid gland or prepared synthetically
65
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Hormone that stimulates the growth and secretion of the thyroid gland
66
Thyroid gland
Exocrine gland located on anterior portion of the neck that produces thyroxine,
67
Thymus
Endocrine gland located under the sternum
68
Vasopressin
Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

SC2110-Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology (11 decks)

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