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Clinical Pathology > Week 4 - Respiratory volumes > Flashcards

Week 4 - Respiratory volumes Flashcards

1
Q

Lung Volumes

A

IRV, TV, ERV, RV

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2
Q

Lung Capacities

A

IC = IRV + TV
FRC (functional) = ERV + RV
VC = IRV, TV, ERV
TLC = IRV, TV, ERV, RV

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3
Q

Lung volume amounts

A

IC - 2.5L
TV - 500ml
ERV - 1.5L
RV - 1.5L

Total = 6L

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4
Q

Spirometry definition, what does it test?

A

Test for pulmonary function

FVC and FEV1

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5
Q

FVC and FEV1

A

FVC - Forced Vital Capacity

FEV1 - first 1 second of FVC

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6
Q

FEV1/FVC ratio normal rates

A

70-85%

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7
Q

FEV1 = 2.4L
FVC = 3.1L

Restrictive or Obstructive?

A

FEV1/FVC = 77%

Show’s normal ratio although there is restricted FVC and FEV1, therefore restrictive lung disease.

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8
Q

FEV1 = 3L
FVC = 3.8L

Restrictive or Obstructive?

A

Ratio 78%

Shows normal ratio although there is restricted FVC and FEV1, therefore restrictive.

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9
Q

FEV1 = 2.7L
FVC = 4.8L

Restrictive or Obstructive?

A

Ratio 56%

Shows well below average ratio therefore obstructive.

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10
Q

Case Study

↑ compliance, ↓ recoil
↑ RV, ↓ ERV, ↓ VC, ↑ TLC

Obstructive or Restrictive?

A

Obstructive.

TLC increased due to increased compliance and reduced recoil. RV is also increased as unable to get air out of lungs.

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11
Q

Case Study

↓ compliance, ↑ recoil
↓ IRV, ↓ ERV, ↓ RV, ↓ TLC, ↓ VC

A

Restrictive.

Restrictive means it’s harder getting oxygen into the lungs. Everything is decreased except recoil, making breathing hard work.

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12
Q

What lung volumes and capacities will be reduced with a restrictive lung disease?

A

IRV, ERV, RV, TLC, VC

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13
Q

What lung volumes and capacities will be reduced with an obstructive lung disease?

A

ERV, VC

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14
Q

Increased compliance means?

A

Obstructive - emphysema

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15
Q

V/Q ratio?

A

Ventilation - air in and out of the lungs
Perfusion - blood flow to alveolar capillaries

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16
Q

Normal V/Q

A

4/5 or 0.8

Ventilation = 4L/minute
Perfusion = 5L/minute

17
Q

> 0.8

A

Ventilation > Perfusion

Problem with blood flow e.g. heart failure, blood clot, emphysema, damage to pulmonary capillaries

18
Q

< 0.8

A

Ventilation < Perfusion

Problem with ventilation e.g. blockage, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, COPD, severe asthma

19
Q

What impacts ventilation?

A

Restrictive and obstructive lung conditions

20
Q

What impacts perfusion?

A

Hypertension

Clinical Pathology (34 decks)

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