Week 4 - Restrictive lung disease Flashcards
Restrictive lung diseases
Pneumonia, pneumoconiosis, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Why is it restrictive?
Reduction in lung expansion due to stiffening of lungs leading to decreased lung volume
What increases with restrictive lung conditions? and what decreases?
Increased recoil, decreased compliance
Decreased TLC, VC, TV, FRC
Two types of restrictive conditions?
Interstitial - The lung tissue becomes hard and stiff. Primarily effecting connective tissue within lung (elastin and collagen)
Extrapulmonary - damage or impairment surrounding lungs, e.g. obesity (fat deposit)
Pneumoconiosis
Any lung disease caused by inhalation of organic or nonorganic airborne dust and fibers.
Types of Pneumoconiosis
Coal miners’ pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestosis
Sarcoidosis
Systemic disease causing granulomas in the lungs and other organs, leading to fibrosis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Immune reaction to inhaled organic particles, causing inflammation and fibrosis
Name Extra-Pulmonary causes
- Pectus excavatum - Indent in chest
- Obesity - more pressure around lungs
- Pleural effusion - fluid in plueral cavity
- Myasthenia Gravis - Can prevent control of diaphragm
Idiopathic restrictive lung disease
No clear cause
How is restrictive lung diseases diagnosed?
Spirometry - shows reduced TLC, FVC and FEV1, but often shows normal ratio.
Imaging - May show diffuse ground-glass opacities and other signs of fibrosis
Symptoms of restrictive lung disease
Coughing, dyspnoea
Treatment of restrictive lung diseases
Interstitial - corticosteroids or other immunoresponsive drugs, anti-fibrotic like colchicine
Exrapulmonary - depending on cause e.g. lose weight
