Week 5 - random info on heart/lungs

Question 1

Conduction fibres of heart

Answer 1

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle, Purkinje Fibres

Question 2

Chambers of the heart direction from Superior Vena Cava

Answer 2

Inferior Vena Cava, Superior Vena Cava to right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta

Question 3

Valves of the heart

Answer 3

Tricuspid valve (right side), pulmonary valve (right side), Bicuspid valve, (left side), aortic valve (left side)

Question 4

Pericardium layers

Answer 4

Outside to inside

a) Fibrous pericardium
b) Serous pericardium
i) Parietal serous pericardium
ii) Pericardial cavity
iii) Visceral serous pericardium

Question 5

Pericardium functions

Answer 5

It provides toughness and mechanical protection to the heart.
It provides constraint to ventricular expansion i.e. expansion of the heart.
It also acts as a barrier against infection of the heart.
It equalizes gravitational, hydrostatic, and inertial forces.
The pericardial fluid reduces friction over the heart’s surface.
The mesothelial cells of the serous pericardium generate prostacyclins and other chemicals that regulate sympathetic neurotransmission, fibrinolysis, and epicardial coronary arterial tone.

Question 6

Branches of aortic arch

Answer 6

Brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery.

Question 7

First two arteries that branch off aorta and what do they supply?

Answer 7

Right coronary and left coronary. The heart.

Question 8

Mediastinum contents

Answer 8

Area between the lungs, contains heart, large blood vessels, the trachea, esophagus, thymus and lymph nodes, NOT the lungs.

Question 9

Mediastinum boundaries

Answer 9

Chest wall at front, lungs by the side, and vertebral column by the back, diaphragm at the bottom.

Question 10

Pleural layers

Answer 10

Parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura = pleural sac

Question 11

Pleurae function

Answer 11

Allows for easy movement of the lungs and inflation during breathing.

Question 12

Lobes of the lung

Answer 12

Right lung = three lobes
Left lung = two lobes

Superior, middle and inferior

Left lung has cardiac notch for heart.

Question 13

Pulmonary artery distribution from heart

Answer 13

Left pulmonary artery to left lung.

Right pulmonary artery to right lung.

Right ventricle to pulmonary artery to pulmonary capillaries to pulmonary veins to left atrium