Week 4 - Chronic Bronchitis & Emphysema

Question 1

Chronic bronchitis diagnosis

Answer 1

Productive cough for at least 3 months a year for 2 years.

Question 2

Chronic bronchitis definition

Answer 2

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs with productive cough

Question 3

Emphysema diagnosis

Answer 3

Lung function test

Question 4

Emphysema definition

Answer 4

Alveolar become damaged and enlarged, causing breahtlessness

Question 5

Difference between CB and Emphysema

Answer 5

CB is defined by clinical features like productive cough
Emphysema defined by structural changes, enlargement of air sacs.

Question 6

Risk factors for COPD

Answer 6

Smoking, air pollutants, dust, silica, and genetic factors

Question 7

FVC in CB and Emphysema

Answer 7

Decreased in COPD

Question 8

FEV1 in CB and Emphysema

Answer 8

Reduced more than FVC in COPD

Question 9

FEV1/FVC Ratio with COPD

Answer 9

< 70%

Question 10

Chronic bronchitis anatomical changes

Answer 10

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucinous glands and goblet cells, increasing mucus production, which obstructs smaller airways like bronchioles (mucus plug). Cilia damaged, reducing their ability to clear mucus.

Question 11

Emphysema anatomical changes

Answer 11

Alveolar walls become stretched and damaged. This reduces their function (specifically recoil).

Question 12

Symptoms of CB

Answer 12

Persistent and productive cough, wheezing, crackles, or rales in lungs, hypoxemia, hypercapnia.

Question 13

Why are patients with CB more prone to infection?

Answer 13

Bacteria being trapped in increased mucus.

Question 14

What is the lung interstitium made from?

Answer 14

Elastin and Collagen