Week 5 - Heart Failure Flashcards
Types of heart failure
Systolic heart failure, diastolic heart failure, left side, right side
What happens with systolic heart failure?
Can’t pump with enough force as the muscles are smaller and weaker.
Enlarged ventricle, and smaller myocardium.
What happens with diastolic heart failure?
Can’t fill with enough blood as muscles are larger and take up more space.
Smaller ventricle, and bigger myocardium.
What happens with left sided heart failure?
Left side can’t work hard enough. Blood is backed up to the lungs through pulmonary veins which leads to fluid build up in lungs called congestion.
Commonly known as congestive heart failure.
What happens with right sided heart failure?
Right side can’t work hard enough. Blood is backed up through systemic veins which leads to fluid build up in the body. Fluid in feet, legs or abdomen.
True of false, you can have systolic failure on the right side of the heart?
True. You can have systolic and diastolic on either side of the heart. Systolic failure refers to the enlarged ventricle and smaller muscles.
How do we determine whether someone has heart failure?
Measuring Cardiac Output. Normal is ~5L/minute.
Decrease in stroke volume will decrease cardiac output, therefore can be classified as heart failure.
How does a disease cause heart failure?
Disease attacks cardiomyocytes which die off. Less muscle leads to lower SV and CO. Heart compensates by squeezing harder (SV) and beating faster (HR) which increases CO. This leads to death of more cardiomyocytes as the body still can’t keep up with oxygen supply to fuel the muscle. Cycle repeats.
3 main categories for causes of both left and right sided heart failures
After load, contractility, pre load
After load causes for left sided heart failure
Systemic hypotension, aortic valve stenosis, aorta stenosis
After load causes for right side heart failure
COPD, Left sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, idiopathic hypertension
Contractibility causes for left sided heart failure
Myocardial infarction, infections, drugs
Contractibility causes for right sided heart failure
Myocardial infarction, infections, drugs
Increased pre load causes for left sided heart failure
Hypervolemia, Mital/Aortic regurgitation
Decreased pre load causes for left sided heart failure
Mitral stenosis, anemia
