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Psych Assess. Ind Diff > Week 5: Humanistic theories > Flashcards

Week 5: Humanistic theories Flashcards

1
Q

What were the three concepts Marcia focused on?

A

Committing, identity, and crises

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2
Q

What is a crisis?

A

Experiencing conflicts, setbacks, and threats to the self that lead you to question your identity by exploring other pathways in life

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3
Q

What are some limitations of Marcia’s model?

A
  • criticised for lack of empirical support and not following a sequence
  • difficult model to study objectively
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4
Q

What is commitment?

A

Deciding on an identity as a framework for personality, roles, and values

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5
Q

What are the four identity statuses?

A
  • identity achievement
  • foreclosure
  • moratorium
  • identity diffusion
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6
Q

Commitment + crisis experienced

A

Identity achievement

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7
Q

Commitment + no crisis

A

Foreclosure

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8
Q

No commitment + crisis experienced

A

Moratorium

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9
Q

No commitment + no crisis

A

Identity diffusion

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10
Q

Identity diffusion

A

An attempt at an identity has not been made, or has failed. Associated with conflict, anxiety and depression.

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11
Q

Foreclosure

A

Latching on to an identity before you have really thought about it or other options. Acceptance without sufficient questioning.

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12
Q

Moratorium

A

The person is starting to question things and starting to experience things as a process of growth

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13
Q

Identity achievement

A

You’ve set on the identity and personality that can be genuine for you

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14
Q

List the assumptions of humanistic theories

A
  • optimism, choice, creativity
  • drive for self actualisation
  • expressive needs
  • free will
  • people’s capacity to change themselves
  • focus on present
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of humanistic psychology?

A
  • focus on higher human functions
  • humans are active
  • here and now
  • idiographic
  • self determination
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16
Q

List Maslow’s needs

A
  • physiological needs
  • safety needs
  • belongingness needs
  • self esteem needs
  • self actualisation
17
Q

Physiological needs

A

Directly related to survival, including hunger, thirst, elimination and sleep

18
Q

Safety needs

A

Need for structure, security and predictability

19
Q

Belongingness needs

A

Need for friends and companions, supportive group, intimate relationships

20
Q

Esteem needs

A
  • recognition from other people: appreciation, prestige, reputation
  • self esteem: desire for competency, mastery, achievement
21
Q

Self actualisation need

A

The desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming

22
Q

Characteristics of the self actualised

A
  • acceptance of self
  • admit weaknesses
  • no excessive guilt
  • feel good about self
  • less restricted by social norms
  • more peak experiences
23
Q

Criteria for self actualisation

A
  • absence of psychological disorders
  • motivated by values
  • fully exploited talents
  • more basic needs satisfied
24
Q

What is the consequence of having the need for self actualisation?

A
  • devoid of values
  • lack of fulfilment
  • lose meaning in life
25
Q

What are Roger’s core concepts?

A
  • person centred approach
  • empathy, reflection, unconditional positive regard
  • people aim to fulfil potential
  • everyone born with actualising tendency
26
Q

Actual self

A

The way people actually see themselves

27
Q

Ideal self

A

How people would like to see themselves

28
Q

Self discrepancy theory

A

People with psychological problems see their actual selves as different from their ideal selves

29
Q

Peak experiences

A
  • feelings of joy or ecstasy in being alive
  • realising that one is fully using their potential
  • insight and completeness
30
Q

Limitations of Maslow’s approach

A
  • unscientific
  • overly optimistic view of human nature
  • concepts biased towards Western culture
31
Q

Briefly describe Roger’s early life

A
  • grew up in financially successful, highly religious family
  • spent adolescent years on a farm which is where he became interested in science
  • a trip to asia in college was highly influential
32
Q

List Roger’s main concepts

A
  • person centred approach
  • empathy, unconditional positive regard and self actualisation
  • people aim to become fully functioning humans
33
Q

Describe the actualisation tendency

A
  • we are all striving for self actualisation
  • helps us progress toward development
  • fosters personal growth
  • guides people toward autonomy and self sufficiency
34
Q

List some limitations to phenomenological approaches

A
  • past relatively ignored
  • gaps in coverage
  • unconscious experienced is ignored
  • romantic vision
  • inadequate attention to nomothetic concerns
35
Q

Phenomenology

A

Less about symptomology, more about thinking about things from the client’s perspective. Perception is interpretive and individuals move through the world according to their world view.

36
Q

Characteristics of humanistic psychology

A
  • people can only be understood through their frame of reference
  • higher human function rather than biological drives
  • idiographic over nomothetic
  • human beings are seen as active
37
Q

What was Roger’s approach to counselling?

A

Encouraging the client to take charge of the sessions, while the therapist responds to the client’s statements in a non-directive supportive manner

Psych Assess. Ind Diff (11 decks)

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