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MTB x > Week 5 part 2 > Flashcards

Week 5 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What was opioid receptor discovery in 1970 for?

A

Targets for morphine and heroin

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2
Q

What did targets for morphine and heroin lead to?

A

Discovery of neuropeptide (enkephalins and endorphins) as endogenous ligands for these receptors

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3
Q

What did discovery of cannabinoid receptors in the late 1980’s suggest

A

endogenous ligands for these receptors may be produced in the brain

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4
Q

What may endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands be?

A

neuropeptides

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5
Q

What were neuropeptides shown to be?

A

Ligand for opioid receptors

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6
Q

Where was the first endogenous cannabinoid receptor isolated from?

A

Brain

Identified as a derivative of fatty acid arachnoid acid

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7
Q

What was endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand purified from?

A

brain extract as a compound that binds to cannabinoid receptors

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8
Q

What is the first endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand named chemically

A
  1. arachidonoylethanolamide

2. Known as anandamide

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9
Q

in 1995, what was the secind endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand identified as?

A

2-arachidonoylglycerol

Named as arachidonoylglycerol

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10
Q

Why is anandamide and 2AG structurally similar?

A

They are derivatives of arachnoid acid

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11
Q

What do anandamide and 2AG act as?

A

endogenous ligands for cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2

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12
Q

What can anandamide and 2AG be traced back to?

A

common ancestor of caudate which will take u back ½ a billion years

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13
Q

What is the evolutionary origin of the cannabis plant?

A

50 million years

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14
Q

What is cannabinoid receptors in the brain?

A

At least 10 times older than THC is

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15
Q

Where is 2AG synthesised ?

A

In the brain via a specific pathway

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16
Q

What is now recognized as the enzyme primarily responsible for biosynthesis of 2-AG in the brain?

A

• DGL or DAGL, diacylglycerol lipase

17
Q

What is the substrate for the enzyme DAG-lipase which then generates 2AG from this precursor molecules

A

• 1-2 DAG

18
Q

what are two types of DAGL in mammalian brain?

A

DAGL-alpha and DAGL-beta

19
Q

What do most neurotransmitter systems have?

A

mechanism of inactivation

20
Q

What is anandamide converted to?

A

Arachidonic acid and ethanolamide by an enzyme known as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)

21
Q

What is 2-AG converted to?

A

arachidonic acid and glycerol

by an enzyme known as monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL)

22
Q

What are inhibitors of FAAH and MAGL being investigated as?

A

potential drugs for treatment of a variety of neurological disorders

23
Q

What does THC have beneficial effects on?

A

Analgesia

24
Q

how can you selectively increase endogenous cannabidiols in different parts of brain to different extent?

A

inhibiting the enzymes generate endogenous cannabinoids

25
Q

What do endocannabinoid act as ?

A

synaptic retrograde messenger molecules

26
Q

What is not present in purjinke cells?

A

CB1

27
Q

What are presynaptic to purjinke cells?

A

CB1

28
Q

What are post-synaptic to purijnke cells?

A

FAAH

29
Q

What is the retrograde signalling system?

A

endocannabinoids maybe be synthesized post synaptically and then acting presynaptically

30
Q

Why do endocannabinoid act backwards across synapse?

A

Acting as a mechanism to inhibit release of neurotransmitter presynatpically based on the information presented early on

31
Q

What does post-synaptic cell make ?

A

Anandamide

32
Q

What does CB1 receptor use?

A

GPCR reduce CAMP and decrease ca2+ permeability and inhibit neurotransmitter release

33
Q

What do purkinje cells have?

A

extensive dendritic tree

Through the dendritic tree parallel fibres pass through and contact dendritic tree

34
Q

What do small parallel fibre depolarise?

A

small aspect of the dendritic tree

35
Q

What does Endocanabinoid mediate?

A

CB1-dependent depolarisation

36
Q

What is abolished in CB1-knock out mice?

A

DSI and DSE

37
Q

What do endocannabinoid also mediate?

A

CB1-dependent long-term depression of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission

38
Q

What is primarily responsible for mediating endocannabinoid-mediated retrograde signalling at synapses in the brain?

A

2-AG

39
Q

What is 2-AG doing

A

mediating depolarisation induced suppression of synaptic transmission

MTB x (15 decks)

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