week 7 Flashcards
(26 cards)
A plant is a
muticeller eukaroyotic species
almost all plants have
cell walls
vegetative non reproductive shoot
is a stem with attached leaves and buds, these buds give rise to extension of shoot or new, branching shoot.
Vascular plant body: has 3 tissue systems:
Ground tissues
Dermal tissues
Vascular tissues
parenchyma cells
are large don’t have a secondary cell wall.
-good for storage
Fill most gaps in plants
-they are permeable to water
-soft primary tissues
collenchyma cells
are long tubes and have rigid support.
They also have a pectins.
-has flexible support
-long,tubules
-strengthen plant parts still elongating
-covered in pectin
example of collencyma cells
celery
Sclerenchyma cells
-Are hard and round they don’t connect so cells usually die.
-Sclerenchyma cells are usually used for protection.
-thick, uniform,secondary cell walls
-found in stems, leaf veins and make up the hard outer covering of seeds and nuts
-two major types which include
-Sclereids (protective casings) and Fibers which provide support
Two type of tissues consist of _____ and____ that protect the plant
eperdermis and perineum
Why are vessel members less reliable in a plant?
vessel members are more fragile because water air bubbles form more within and destroy its ability to move water. Trachea’s are more reliable and slower.
Amongst Phloem
there is sugars and other solutes which are living and function.
-phloem conducts cells
(sieve tube members),
Xylem conducts cells
tracheas, vessel members and transports water and dissolved minerals
Monocots
one cotyledon, these are scattered throughout the tissue of stem
eudicots
two cotyledons, these are represented in a circle like a ring of vascular bundles dividing ground tissue into cortex
-organ/tissue systems:
Body structure that contains two or more types of tissues and have a definite form and function
vegetative
(non-reproductive)
the middle lamella
Connects adjacent cells together using pectins
Some plants have a secondary cell wall which help
vascular plants find success
terminal buds
are apex’s of main shoot and lateral buds: exist in leaf axils which produce branches
Leaf adaptations
responds to environmental and herbivore pressures. For example tendrils are long and skinny to be used as support.
protoderm
produce stem’s epidermis
-stems can take different roles such that stems that they can be modified for storage of starches.
Primary Growth
-apical meristems at root and shoot tips.
-Elongation, increases height of shoot, length of roots
-self-perpetuating clusters of cells
Secondary growth occurs in some species only and it is when
lateral meristems, increases diameter of stems and roots both vascular cambium help in secondary growth
