Week 7

Question 1

______________: Non-reinforcement of a previously reinforced response, resulting in a decrease in response strength

Answer 1

Extinction

Question 2

It a conditioned response completely ceases, it has been ____________

Answer 2

extinguished

Question 3

Extinction __________ refers to the non-reinforcement of a response

Answer 3

procedure

Question 4

Extinction _________ refers to the decreased response strength

Answer 4

process

Question 5

Extinction _______: Temporary increase in frequency and intensity of responding when implemented (resistance)

Answer 5

Extinction Burst

Question 6

Side effects of extinction: 
1 Extinction \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
2 Increase to V\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
3 E\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ behaviour 
4 Agg\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
5 Resurgence 
6 Depression

Answer 6

burst; variability; emotional; aggression

Question 7

_____________: unusual but like regression - reappearance of previously successful behaviour

Answer 7

Resurgence

Question 8

History of reinforcement: More reinforcers = (Harder/Easier) to extinguish

Answer 8

Harder

Question 9

___________ _________: reappearance of extinguished response after a rest period

Answer 9

Spontaneous recovery

Question 10

After several _________ sessions, spontaneous recovery might fade completely

Answer 10

extinction

Question 11

____________ reinforcement of other behaviour: Simultaniously extinguish behaviour while reinforcement

Answer 11

Differential reinforcement of other behaviour

Question 12

______________ stimulus signals availability of reinforcement to increase probability of response

Answer 12

Discriminative stimulus

Question 13

S______ C_________ : describes the relationship though which a discriminant stimulus reliably affects the probability of the behaviour

Answer 13

Stimulus Control

Question 14

_________ schedules of reinforcement consist of two or more independent schedules of reinforcement

Answer 14

Multiple

Question 15

B_________ C_________: Change in rate of reinforcement on one part of multiple schedule results in an opposite change in rate of response in another part

Answer 15

Behavioural Contrast

Question 16

In a __________ Con_______ effect: the decrease in rate of reinforcement on one leads to increase in rate of response on other component

Answer 16

Positive Contrast effect

Question 17

In a ___________ Con________ effect: the increase in rate of reinforcement on one component leads to decrease in rate of response on other component

Answer 17

Negative Contrast effect

Question 18

A___________ C__________: change in rate of responding in anticipation that there will be a change in the rate of reinforcement

Answer 18

Anticipatory Contrast

Question 19

________ Learning: learning of a response that allows a subject to escape an aversive stimulus

Answer 19

Escape learning

Question 20

__________ learning: Learning of a response that allows a subject to avoid an aversive stimulus

Answer 20

Avoidance learning

Question 21

The Two Process Theory of Avoidance involves both ___________ and _________ conditioning

Answer 21

Classical; Operant

Question 22

______ _____: The loss of access to positive reinforcers for a brief period of time following a problem behaviour

Answer 22

Time Out

Question 23

_________ _____: The removal of a specific reinforcer following a problem behaviour

Answer 23

Response cost

Question 24

Negative punishment is different from E_______

Answer 24

extinction

Question 25

_________ punishment: Punishment is an inherent aspect of behaviour

Answer 25

Intrinsic punishment

Question 26

_________ punishment: punishment is not an inherent part of the behaviour, but just follows the behaviour

Answer 26

Extrinsic punishment

Question 27

____________ (unconditioned) punishment: innately punishing

Answer 27

Primary punishment

Question 28

__________ (conditioned) punishment: something that has been associated with another perhaps innate punishment

Answer 28

Secondary

Question 29

_________ punishers: something that has been associated with a number of other punishers

Answer 29

Generalised

Question 30

Punishment of maladaptive behaviour doesn't directly strengthen the occurrence of another ________ behaviour

Answer 30

adaptive

Question 31

The person delivering the punishment could become a _______ _________ for the punishment

Answer 31

discriminative stimulus

Question 32

___________ is likely to elicit a strong emotional response and/or aggressive reaction

Answer 32

Punishment

Question 33

The use of punishment, through the process of __________ could teach the person that punishment is an acceptable means of controlling behaviour

Answer 33

modelling

Question 34

Punishment can sometimes lead to an increase in _______ behaviour

Answer 34

social

Question 35

Punishment can increase attention to the e__________

Answer 35

environment

Question 36

Punishment can sometimes result in an improvement in m_____

Answer 36

mood

Question 37

Punishment should be: 1 Im_______ 2 Con________ 3 Int______ 4 Negative punishment is preferable to ________ punishment 5 Combined with an Expla_______ 6 Combined with positive reinforcement for appropriate behaviours

Answer 37

Immediate; Consistent; Intense; Positive punishment; Explanation

Question 38

____________ ___________ theory (of punishment): Punishment does not weaken a behaviour but instead produces an emotional response that interferes with the occurrence of the behaviour

Answer 38

Conditioned Suppression theory

Question 39

_________ theory of punishment: punishment involves a type of avoidance conditioning

Answer 39

Avoidance theory of punishment

Question 40

The ________ approach to punishment: A probability behaviour can be used to punish a high probability behaviour

Answer 40

The Premack Approach to punishment

Question 41

_________ H__________: is a decrement in learning ability that results from repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive events

Answer 41

Learned Helplessness

Question 42

The __________ of extinction is the nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response; the _______ of extinction is the resultant decrease in response strength

Answer 42

procedure; process

Question 43

Determining the effective _________ that is maintaining a behaviour is a critical first step in extinguishing a behaviour

Answer 43

reinforcer

Question 44

Resurgence resembles the psychoanalytic concept of ___________

Answer 44

regression

Question 45

________ to ___________: is the extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented

Answer 45

Resistance to extinction

Question 46

The ___________ of ____________ is the most important factor influencing resistance to extinction

Answer 46

schedule of reinforcement

Question 47

Will continuous of partial reinforcement schedules extinguish more slowly?

Answer 47

partial reinforcement schedules

Question 48

The greater the level of deprivation the greater the _________ to extinction

Answer 48

resistance

Question 49

Extinction is greatly facilitated when there is a __________ ___________ that signals the onset of extinction

Answer 49

discriminative stimulus

Question 50

Skinner proposed that __________ ___________ is a function of discriminative stimuli that is associated with the start of a session

Answer 50

spontaneous recovery

Question 51

_____________ training: the reinforcement of responding in the presence of one stimulus (the Sd) and not another

Answer 51

discriminative training

Question 52

Discriminations that have been established through errorless training are more difficult to _______ at a later time

Answer 52

modify

Question 53

Does the two theory process of avoidance assert either classical or operant conditioning?

Answer 53

both; first CC then OP

Question 54

_________ learning appears to be a fundamental process in the development and maintenance of phobic behaviour

Answer 54

Avoidance learning

Question 55

The p_______ of extinction is the non reinforcement of a previously reinforced response; the p_______ or extinction is the resultant decrease in response strength

Answer 55

procedure; process

Question 56

In extinction resistance, the greater the level of deprivation, the greater the ___________ to extinction

Answer 56

resistance

Question 57

____-______ model of self-control: focused on preference between smaller sooner reward and larger later rewards and shifts over time

Answer 57

Ainslie-Rachlin Model

Question 58

______-_______ model: the value of rewards is upwardly angled (scalloped) such that reward value increases more rapidly as delays decrease and reward becomes imminent

Answer 58

Ainslie-Rachlin Model