Week 7

Question 1

What occurs to renal/kidney function during normal aging?

Answer 1

• Decreased number of nephrons

- less efficient blood filtration

Question 2

Reduced renal/kidney function in normal aging is secondary to what?

Answer 2

Decreased cardiac function

Question 3

What is a major implication of reduced renal/kidney function that results from normal aging?

Answer 3

Increased risk of toxic build up of drugs due to reduced elimination

Question 4

What occurs to the lower urinary tract during normal aging?

Answer 4

• Decreased bladder capacity
• increased post void residual
• Detrusor instability

Question 5

How can decreased bladder capacity increase the risk of dehydration?

Answer 5

A full bladder or fear of a full bladder can reduce the desire to drink

Question 6

What are the implications of a unstable detrusor muscle

Answer 6

• incontinence

- Overactive bladder

Question 7

How does the reproductive system generally change due to aging?

Answer 7

-Altered appearance and function of genital tract

Question 8

How can menopause be treated?

Answer 8

With HRT

Question 9

What are the main effects of menopause?

7

Answer 9

• Decreased in estrogen
• Pelvic floor relaxation
• Detrusor instability
• Atrophy of genital and breast tissue
• Mood alterations
• Increased bone loss
• Increased androgen

Question 10

What are the main effects of Andropause?

7

Answer 10

• decrease testosterone
• decreased size of reproductive tract
• decreased libido
• Decreased function of accessory sex organs
• mood changes
• decreased bone mass
• Hypertrophy of prostate

Question 11

What are the three main drug types that can cause decreased libido?

Answer 11

• Anti-depression
• Cardio
• Statins

Question 12

What are the four most common disorders of the genitourinary system?

Answer 12

• BPH
• UTI
• Nocturia
• Incontinence

Question 13

What is BPH?

Answer 13

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Question 14

What are the common symptoms of BPH?

Answer 14

• Dribbling
• Problems starting and stopping flow
• urgency
• 50% experience prostatitis

Question 15

What are the two kinds of UTI?

Answer 15

Upper and lower

Question 16

Upper UTI’s are also called _____ and effect which organs?

Answer 16

pyelonephritis

-kidneys

Question 17

Lower UTI’s are also called ____ and effect which organs?

Answer 17

cystitis

-bladder

Question 18

What are some symptoms of an upper uti?

Answer 18

Fever, chills, anorexia

Question 19

What are some symptoms of a lower uti?

Answer 19

• Pain on urination
• confusion
• sudden incontinence
• behavior changes

Question 20

An upper UTI can lead to _____ also known as sepsis

Answer 20

bacterima

Question 21

What is the main antibiotic used for lower UTI’s

Answer 21

Cyphilexin

Question 22

What is nocturia?

Answer 22

-increased urine production at night due to an interruption of circadian pattern

Question 23

What 7 factors do you assess for in incontinence?

Answer 23

• Time
• Frequency
• Pain
• Amount
• Flow
• Urgency
• Dribbling

Question 24

When assessing incontinence, it is important to obtain or start to collect data to create a ______

Answer 24

Void pattern history

Question 25

What are the four types of incontinence?

Answer 25

- Functional - Stress - Urge - Overflow

Question 26

What is functional incontinence?

Answer 26

-patient is unable to control their bladder before reaching the bathroom due to limitations in moving, thinking, or communicating

Question 27

What is the main action to take in functional incontinence?

Answer 27

Modify the environment to allow easy access to commode

Question 28

What are three disorders that can cause functional incontinence?

Answer 28

- Alzheimer's - Parkinson's - Arthritis

Question 29

What is stress incontinence?

Answer 29

-Leaking small amounts when coughing, sitting down/standing up, laughing Caused by loss of pelvic floor tone, pelvic prolapse, prostatectomy,

Question 30

What can be done to lessen stress incontinence?

Answer 30

Kegel exercises

Question 31

What is urge incontinence?

Answer 31

Shortened time between need and occurrence of void | -caused by detrusor muscle instability

Question 32

What can be done to treat urge incontinence?

Answer 32

Bladder training

Question 33

What is overflow incontinence?

Answer 33

Dribbling or reduced stream. Can not completely empty bladder. -Caused when the bladder is overly distended but the detrusor muscle does not contract

Question 34

What can be done to treat overflow incontinence?

Answer 34

The crede maneuver | -Manual compression

Question 35

What two types of medications can be used to treat incontinence?

Answer 35

- Tricyclic antidepressants | - Anticholinergics/antispasmodics

Question 36

What is the main tricyclic antidepressant used to treat incontinence?

Answer 36

imipramine

Question 37

What is the main Anticholinergics/antispasmodics used to treat stress/urge incontinence?

Answer 37

oxybutynin