Week 8 Flashcards
What are the five main musculoskeletal changes of aging?
- Decreased height
- Decreased body mass
- Decreased joint cartilage
- Increased time for muscle contraction/relaxation
- Stiffening of thoracic cage, joints, and ligaments
What two factors contribute to increased time for muscle contraction and relaxation due to aging?
- Slower messaging in nerves
- Stiffened ligaments and joints
What is a major implications of the stiffening of the thoracic cage?
reduced pulmonary function
What are the three most common musculoskeletal disorders in OAs
- Osteoporosis
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
What is osteoporosis?
Low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of the bone resulting in increased fragility and increased risk of fractures
- More common in women
- An imbalance of bone building/takedown
What are some contributing factors of osteoporosis?
- Reduced estrogen in women
- Wear and tear degeneration of bones
- reduced weight bearing activity
What medications can be used to treat osteoporosis?
- Biphosphonates (bone resorption inhibitor)
- -Alendronate
- Hormones: Hypocalcemic
- -calcitonin
What is osteoarthritis?
Non-inflammatory degenerative joint disease where the cartilage thins in heavily used joints (Hips, hands, knees, spine)
-Wear and tare disease
What is the number one drug for osteoarthritis?
Acetaminophen
What types of drugs are used for osteoarthritis?
- NSAIDS
- COX-2 inhibitor
- Steroids
- Glucosamine Condroitin Sulfate
- Injected artificial joint fluid
What is the number one complaint in osteoarthritis
joint pain
What non-medicinal treatments can be used for osteoarthritis?
- Heat or cold
- Balanced activity
- Lose weight
- Walking
What is Rheumatoid arthritis?
a Chronic autoimmune disease what causes inflammation in the joints
-Leads to destroyed joints and bones
What type of medications are used to tread Rheumatoid Arthritis?
- DMARD’s (Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs)
- –Methotrexate
- Also some NSAIDS and Corticosterioids
What are the primary aging changes to the neurological system?
- Decreased neurons, brain size, cerebral blood flow, sensori-motor processing
- Slower peripheral nerve conduction
- No regeneration of neurons
What are the two common neurological disorders?
Parkinson’s and CVA
What is Parkinson’s?
A neurological degenerative disease caused by a decline in dopamine
What are some signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
- Tremors
- Bradykinesia
- Rigid muscles (Mask face)
- Impaired posture
- Loss of automatic movements
- speech changes
- Dementia
What type of medication is used to treat Parkinson’s?
Dopamine Agonists
-They stimulate dopamine receptors
What problems are associated with Parkinson’s?
- Depression
- Sleeping Problems
- Difficulty Chewing and Swallowing
- Urinary incontinence or urine retention
- Constipation
- Sexual dysfunction
What is a CVA?
Cerebrovascular accident
What are the two types of CVA?
Ischemic stroke (80%) and Hemorrhagic stroke
What are the clinical manifestations of a CVA
- Paralysis or loss of movement
- Difficulty talking or swallowing
- Memory loss or confusion
- Pain
What are the signs specific to Thrombotic strokes?
- Facial droop
- Slurred speech
- Paralysis on one side of the body
