Week 7 - Content Flashcards
(19 cards)
Why is critical thinking important?
Failures in critical thinking and understanding risk at a population level can lead to bad health outcomes such as preventable health conditions, injuries, ineffective law enforcement, gullible voters etc.
Why is there a gap in life expectancy comparatively to wealthy OECD countries?
Failures to critically think at government level lead to preventable health conditions.
Why is critical thinking important in the workplace?
Helps businesses run smoothly by: developing solutions, creating new ideas, improving process efficiency and changing financial stratergies
What is critical thinking?
The process of purposeful, self-regulatory judgement. Process gives strong consideration to evidence, context, conceptualisation, methods and criteria.
What are the key skills good critical thinkers have?
Objectivity, ability to analyse problems without letting their assumptions or emotions influence them, use only fact available or gather more data, answer questions, question answers, creative, reflective and analytical
What does the ‘analyse’ step involve?
Identification of the problem and deducing its critical elements
What is the ‘interpretation’ step in critical thinking?
Determine significance of contextual meaning
What is the ‘evaluation’ step in critical thinking?
Assessing credibility of claim/strength vs weakness of arguments
What is the ‘inference’ step in critical thinking?
Draw logical conclusion from evidence
What is the ‘explanation’ step in critical thinking?
Providing evidence, assumptions and rationale for decisions
What is the ‘induction’ step in critical thinking?
Reasoned judgment in ambiguous, risky and uncertain situations
What is the ‘deduction’ step in critical thinking?
Reasoned judgement in precisely defined logically rigorous contexts.
What is the ‘numeracy’ step in critical thinking?
Use of the 7 skills in quantitive context
What is contextual perspective?
consideration of whole situation, including relationships, background and environment relevant to something happening.
What is flexibility?
Capacity to adapt, accommodate, modify, or change thoughts, ideas and behaviours
What are some poor practices in the media which affect science?
Bias, lack of appropriate expertise, hyperbole and exaggeration of scientific conclusions, confusing ‘correlation with causation’
What are good practices in the media to distinguish experts/ expert opinion?
Use of experts who have published research directly related to relevant issue, use of experts who have status in their field, background check on experts, ensured experts have no conflict or bias
What questions should you ask when evaluating expert opinions?
Do they hold a position and qualification directly related to the issue?
Does the expert make claims/ statements by referring to evidence?
Do they use specific verifiable statements or broad claims?
Do they use hyperbole?
How do scientists distinguish other experts?
Employment institute, amount of experience and training, who is publishing best research in best journals.
