Week 7 Study Guide Flashcards
(48 cards)
Hemostasis
Prevention or arrest of blood loss
What is hemostasis called if pathological?
Thrombosis
What is thrombosis defined as?
Formation of a blood clot within non traumatized intact vessels
What are the mechanisms of hemostasis?
Vascular constriction
Primary hemostasis- formation of the platelet plug
Secondary hemostasis- blood coagulation (formation of blood clot)
Fibrous organization or dissolution of the blood clot (clot resorption)
What is the formation of the platelet plug steps?
Adhesion to damaged vascular wall
Shape change
Granule release
Recruitment and aggregation
Blood coagulation process (secondary hemostasis)
Begins in 15-20 seconds in severe vascular trauma
Occlusive clot within 3-6 minutes unless very large
20-60 min until clot retraction
1-2 weeks is invasion by fibroblasts and organization into fibrous tissue
What is the rate limiting factor of blood coagulation?
Prothrombin activator
What are the types of WBCs?
Granulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
What are types of Granulocytes?
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
What are types of lymphocytes?
B lymphocyte
T lymphocyte
Role of neutrophils
Destroy invading bacteria (phagocytose)
Role of eosinophils
Parasitic infection
Modulate allergic inflammatory responses
Role of basophils
Release histamine
Allergic reactions
Where do Granulocytes and monocytes develop?
Bone marrow
Where do lymphocytes develop?
Peripheral lymphoid organs
What is the main function of the complement system?
Host defense against pathogens
Pathological inflammatory response
(Inflammation, opsonization and phagocytosis, cell lysis)
What are both the innate and adaptive immune systems activated by?
Pathogens
What are the steps of phagocytosis?
Recognition and attachment of the particle to be ingested
Engulfment followed by formation of phagolysosome
Killing or degrading ingested material
What is the inflammatory response?
Blood vessel dilation
Increased vascular permeability and leakage
White blood cell adherence to the inner walls of the vessels and migration through the vessels
What are the goals of inflammation?
Prevent and limit infection and further damage
Initiate adaptive immune response
Initiate healing
Innate immune system
Hosts first line of defense and is intended to prevent infection and attack invading pathogens
Adaptive immune system
Able to prevent disease in future by remembering
What is not a main WBC?
Erythrocytes
Which type of lymphocyte makes antibodies?
Type B
