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Human Physiology > Week 7 Study Guide > Flashcards

Week 7 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Hemostasis

A

Prevention or arrest of blood loss

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2
Q

What is hemostasis called if pathological?

A

Thrombosis

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3
Q

What is thrombosis defined as?

A

Formation of a blood clot within non traumatized intact vessels

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4
Q

What are the mechanisms of hemostasis?

A

Vascular constriction

Primary hemostasis- formation of the platelet plug

Secondary hemostasis- blood coagulation (formation of blood clot)

Fibrous organization or dissolution of the blood clot (clot resorption)

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5
Q

What is the formation of the platelet plug steps?

A

Adhesion to damaged vascular wall

Shape change

Granule release

Recruitment and aggregation

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6
Q

Blood coagulation process (secondary hemostasis)

A

Begins in 15-20 seconds in severe vascular trauma

Occlusive clot within 3-6 minutes unless very large

20-60 min until clot retraction

1-2 weeks is invasion by fibroblasts and organization into fibrous tissue

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7
Q

What is the rate limiting factor of blood coagulation?

A

Prothrombin activator

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8
Q

What are the types of WBCs?

A

Granulocytes

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

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9
Q

What are types of Granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils

Basophils

Eosinophils

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10
Q

What are types of lymphocytes?

A

B lymphocyte

T lymphocyte

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11
Q

Role of neutrophils

A

Destroy invading bacteria (phagocytose)

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12
Q

Role of eosinophils

A

Parasitic infection

Modulate allergic inflammatory responses

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13
Q

Role of basophils

A

Release histamine

Allergic reactions

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14
Q

Where do Granulocytes and monocytes develop?

A

Bone marrow

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15
Q

Where do lymphocytes develop?

A

Peripheral lymphoid organs

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16
Q

What is the main function of the complement system?

A

Host defense against pathogens

Pathological inflammatory response

(Inflammation, opsonization and phagocytosis, cell lysis)

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17
Q

What are both the innate and adaptive immune systems activated by?

A

Pathogens

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18
Q

What are the steps of phagocytosis?

A

Recognition and attachment of the particle to be ingested

Engulfment followed by formation of phagolysosome

Killing or degrading ingested material

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19
Q

What is the inflammatory response?

A

Blood vessel dilation

Increased vascular permeability and leakage

White blood cell adherence to the inner walls of the vessels and migration through the vessels

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20
Q

What are the goals of inflammation?

A

Prevent and limit infection and further damage

Initiate adaptive immune response

Initiate healing

21
Q

Innate immune system

A

Hosts first line of defense and is intended to prevent infection and attack invading pathogens

22
Q

Adaptive immune system

A

Able to prevent disease in future by remembering

23
Q

What is not a main WBC?

A

Erythrocytes

24
Q

Which type of lymphocyte makes antibodies?

A

Type B

25
Q

Which of the following cell types of the innate immune system does not perform phagocytosis?

A

Basophils

26
Q

What is the role of monocytes?

A

Phagocytose and digest foreign bodies

27
Q

Myelogenous leukemias are caused by the cancerous production of innate immune system cells, in which tissue is such production most likely to occur?

A

Bone marrow

28
Q

Humoral immunity is a type of adaptive immunity that results in the circulation of which of the following throughout the blood?

A

Antibodies

29
Q

Which of the following is not one of the 3 main antigen presenting cell types?

A

NK cells

30
Q

What is not true about the innate immune system?

A

The adaptive system activates the innate

31
Q

The adaptive systems consist of what and their products including antibodies?

A

Lymphocytes

32
Q

Lymphocytes develop where in the body?

A

Bone marrow

33
Q

What is not true about inflammation?

A

It is specific and not generalized

34
Q

What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Redness

Swelling

Pain

Heat

35
Q

What is the role of T cells?

A

Kill virus infected cells

36
Q

What is the role of NK cells?

A

Kill virus infected cells

37
Q

What is the role of platelets?

A

Initiate blood clotting

38
Q

Granulocytes timeline

A

4-8 hours

39
Q

Monocytes timeline

A

10-20 hours

40
Q

Lymphocytes timeline

A

Weeks-months

41
Q

Platelets timeline

A

Replaced every 10 days

42
Q

What causes histamine release?

A

IgE

43
Q

What do dendritic cells provide?

A

Link between the innate and adaptive immune system

44
Q

How many bacteria can neutrophils ingest?

A

3-20

45
Q

How many bacteria can macrophages ingest?

A

Up to 100

46
Q

What is present in T helper cells?

A

MHC 2 (CD4)

47
Q

What is present in cytotoxic T cells?

A

MHC 1(CD8)

48
Q

What plays a role in activating the complement system?

A

Secreted receptor (mannose binding lectin)

Human Physiology (41 decks)

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