Week 9

Question 1

The Enlightenment

Answer 1

End of 18th century, Christianity was no longer centre of state. Started with scientific revolution.

Question 2

Deism

Answer 2

Came to being after the rise of science. Don’t believe in divine intervention. Created by God, then left.

Question 3

William Paley

Answer 3

Deist. Used watchmaker metaphor.

Question 4

Philosophy during Enlightenment

Answer 4

Rise in skepticism.

Kant, Schleiermacher

Question 5

Biological Evolution

Answer 5

Darwin challenged creation theory by theorizing natural selection.

Question 6

Socio-political conditions during Enlightenment

Answer 6

Shift away from church and state
Secular norms became dominant
Emergence of unions, and voluntary associations

Question 7

Great Awakening

Answer 7

In the face of declining influence in the public sphere, Christians saw a wave of revival.

Question 8

First Stage of Great Awakening

Answer 8

1730s - 1740s

Summoned people to participate in the Protestant reformation.

Question 9

Second Stage of Great Awakening

Answer 9

1800s

Missionary organizations to convert non-believers

Question 10

Third Stage of Great Awakening

Answer 10

1859 - 1914

The period of social engagement; distribution of the Bible, social reforms.

Question 11

John Wesley

Answer 11

Part of the first greak awakenment. Diverged from the Church of England to form a group called Methodists.

Question 12

Johnathan Edwards

Answer 12

Spread gospel to 13 colonies. Calvinist in congregational church.

Question 13

Ecumenism

Answer 13

The effort to join Christian denominations.

World Missionary Conference held in Edinburgh 1910.

Question 14

Two Primary Reactions to Modernism (Christianity)

Answer 14

Fundamentalism

Evangelicalism

Question 15

Five Points of Fundamentalism

Answer 15

1. Inneracy of the Bible (completely factual)
2. Divinity of Jesus
3. Virgin birth
4. Atonement (Christ died for our sins)
5. Resurrection and 2nd cumming of Jebus

Question 16

Pentecostalism

Answer 16

Accepts inerrancy of the bible and accept Christ as personal saviour. Believe baptism doesn’t equal conversion.

Question 17

Social Gospel

Answer 17

Application of Christian Ethics to social justice problems and human well-being. (Tommy Douglas)

Question 18

World Council of Churches

Answer 18

Mostly Protestant and Orthodox.

Agreed on some things, disagreed on Eucharist, and discipline.

Question 19

Fasting Growing Christian Movement

Answer 19

Pentecostalism

Question 20

Al-Ghazali and Ibn Taymiyya

Answer 20

Reformists in premodern Islam

Question 21

Ahmad Sirhindi

Answer 21

Sufi Reformist

Question 22

Shah Wali Allah

Answer 22

Believed Ulama was critical for Islam, to revive intellectual legacy.

Question 23

Wahhabi Movement

Answer 23

A reaction to bid’a. Historical romanticism. Foundation of Saudi Arabia. Preaches renouncing Ulama, following Qur’an strictly.

Question 24

Colonization in Egypt

Answer 24

First established by the french, then overtaken by the british, completely destroyed egyptian way of life.

Question 25

al-Afghani

Answer 25

Wanted to bring in modernization without westernization. Influenced by rationalism and philosophy.

Question 26

Sayyid Ahmad Khan

Answer 26

Embraced imperialism. Believe Muslims must riddle themselves of tradition and hadith.

Question 27

The Ahmadiyya

Answer 27

A messianic movement against the decline of Muslims. Their leader Ahmad, asserted he was a prophet.