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PSY223 - Health & Psychological Wellbeing > Week Five - Stress & Coping > Flashcards

Week Five - Stress & Coping Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Generalised Adaptation Syndrome?

A

The unspecific reaction of the body to stressors in the environment.

Consists of 3 stages; alarm reaction, resistance and exhaustion phase

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2
Q

What is the HPA?

A

The system that controls the stress response; hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal cortex

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3
Q

What does the Amygdala do in relation to stress?

A

Detects things that are dangerous in the environment

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4
Q

What does the Prefrontal cortex do in relation to stress?

A

Regulates stress response by making things seem less scary

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5
Q

What does the pituitary gland do in response to stress?

A

Releases hormones that tell the adrenal gland to release cortisol

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6
Q

What cortisol do in relation to stress?

A

Travels through the blood and tells other body parts to wake up

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7
Q

What occurs during the alarm reaction stage (GAS)

A

Can cause downturn in bodily defences and blood pressure (cannot be maintained for long periods of time)

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8
Q

What occurs in the resistance stage (GAS)

A

body tries to adapt to a stressor but arousal is still higher than normal

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9
Q

Why does the stage of exhaustion occur (GAS)?

A

Exhaustion occurs if the resistance stage lasts too long resulting in a depletion of bodily resources and energy and ability to resist stress declines and disease development is increased

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of stress?

A

Acute and chronic

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11
Q

What is acute stress?

A

Short lived such as exams

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12
Q

What is chronic stress?

A

Long lived stress e.g., occupational stress

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13
Q

What are the 4 common overarching responses to stress

A

mind
body
emotions
behaviour

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14
Q

What is the relationship between stress and immune system?

A

Stress & negative emotions can dysregulate the immune response by disturbing the interplay among the CNS, endocrine system and the IS

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15
Q

What behavioural mediators of the relationship between stress and immunity exist?

A

Link between stress & immunity may be mediated by specific health behaviours, psychosocial factors

being in troubled relos
negative or competitive social interactions
feeling lonely

getting good sleep
diet
exercise

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16
Q

Explain the Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping

A

Stress is a product of a transaction between a person and his/her environment.

Consists of primary and secondary appraisal

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17
Q

What is a Primary Appraisal & Secondary Appraisal (TTSC)

A

Where the person decides i the situation is benign, stressful or irrelevant
- either ignores or continues to secondary appraisal

Considered stressful and then coping mechanisms are introduced .. ‘do i have the resources to cope’

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18
Q

What factors influence appraisal?

A

iminent events (happening soon e.g., results)

unexpected time (e.g., death)

unexpected events

ambiguous

risk or harmful events

undesirable events

no control events

life changing events

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19
Q

What is Coping?

A

A dynamic process of managing demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding their resources

20
Q

What are 2 common predictors of psychological adjustment and quality of life?

A

coping and social support

21
Q

Cohen & Lazarus described 5 main coping tasks. What are they?

A

Reducing harmful external conditions

Tolerating or adjusting to negative events

Maintaining positive self-image

Maintaining emotional equilibrium and decreasing emotional stress

Maintaining a satisfactory relationship with the environment and others

22
Q

What are the 2 main classes of coping defined by Lazarus?

A

Emotion-Focused Coping

Problem-Focused Coping

23
Q

What is Problem Focused C?

A

Efforts or strategies to change the nature or aspect of a problem situation

  • asking a lecturer for an extension
  • learning new skills to cope
24
Q

What is Emotion Focused C?

A

Strategies aimed to regulate emotions experienced because of the stressful event

  • crying
  • sharing feelings
25
Q

Explain Active (monitor) Vs Passive Coping (blunting)

A

Active = movement toward dealing with stressor

Passive = Avoiding or minimising threat

26
Q

Why is coping self-regulation an important skill?

A

It allows the reflection on effectiveness and allows the modification or adjustment to ways of coping

27
Q

Wat coping strategies result in increased poorer adjustment and distress?

A

persistent avoidant
passive
helpless coping

28
Q

To be effective, what does coping have to be?

A

Amenable to change

29
Q

When is EFC more adaptive?

A

When the control over the stressor is loe (i.e., cancer)

30
Q

When is PFC more adaptive?

A

When there is control over the stressor

31
Q

What are some positive responses to illness?

A

benefit finding
post trauma growth
satisfaction with life

32
Q

What are 5 factors moderating stress?

A 
coping behaviours
aspects of personality
aspects of individual cognitions
aspects of emotion
social support
33
Q

What is the correlation between personality and stress/illness?

A

Personality can be predictive of disease onset

Persoanlity can change as a s result of illness

Personality can promote unhealthy behaviour

Personality may influence illness progression or outcome because it influences coping responses

34
Q

What role can an optimistic personality play in stress?

A

promotes active and persistent coping mechanisms

helps people use resources effectively

35
Q

What is Social Support?

A

The presence of others in whom one can confide and from whom one can expect help and concern

36
Q

What are the 3 types of social support? Define them

A

Informational: Informs knowledge and coping

Instrumental: Practical help and assistance

Emotional: Aids cognitive and emotion focused coping

37
Q

What are the aspects of social support?

A

Availability vs use of social support

network size

satisfaction with perceived SS

38
Q

What is the Direct Effects Hypothesis?

A

Proposes SS us generally beneficial during non-stressful times as well as highly stressful - makes people less susceptible to stress in the first place

39
Q

What is the Buffering Hypothesis?

A

Proposes that the health benefits and mental health benefits of SS are chiefly evident during periods of high stress only - when there is little stress, SS may have few benefits

SS protects the person against high stress consequences by influencing appraisals or modifying coping response

40
Q

Who is at a greater risk of distress, health risks etc?

A

Chronically shy people and those who anticipate rejection

41
Q

What can SS do?

A

lower likelihood of illness
speeds recovery
reduces risk of death from illness

42
Q

High quality relationships are associated with what?

A

lower mortality rates

43
Q

How can SS adversely influence health?

A

If the peer group engages in health-compromising behaviours

Social support can hinder coping e.g., co-rumination

44
Q

Who needs the most SS?

A

shy and introverted

depressed or anxious

mistrustful people

45
Q

What is Dyadic Coping?

A

When there are mutual influences on coping processes in close relationships

46
Q

The best type of SS is?

A

Those that matches the stressor

PSY223 - Health & Psychological Wellbeing (12 decks)

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